Docs / Syntax / Category / Determiner / Basic
import Linglib.Syntax.Category.Determiner.Basic
This file defines the determiner as a lexical object and the determiner inventory of a
language. The base Determiner carries only a surface form, and the four specializations
Article, DemonstrativeDeterminer, QuantificationalDeterminer and PossessiveDeterminer extend
it. An inventory is
a list of Determiner.Entry occurrences. An article marks a strength when one of the definite uses
it obligatorily expones calls for that strength, and an inventory marks the strengths its articles
mark (Inventory.strengths). A demonstrative marks none: whether a language's demonstrative is
obligatory in a definite use is not lexical but follows from a theory of competition between forms,
as Jenks's Index! and the Blocking Principle are. The typologies of definiteness marking, Jenks's
and Moroney's types and Patel-Grosz and Grosz's article systems, are stated in their studies, each
with its own account of when a presupposition is marked.
Determiner is the base record, and Determiner.toWord realizes it as a word.Article records definiteness, the exponent, the definite uses the article obligatorily
expones and the number it selects; DemonstrativeDeterminer, QuantificationalDeterminer and
PossessiveDeterminer are the other specializations.Determiner.Entry is an occurrence of one of the four kinds in an inventory, Entry.kind
is its kind together with an article's definiteness, Entry.strengths the strengths it
marks, and Entry.Selects the numbers of the nominals it applies to.Determiner.Inventory is a language's declared inventory, and Inventory.strengths the
strengths its entries mark; Inventory.Marks and Inventory.IsSyncretic lift the entry
predicates.Determiner.Inventory.Realizes says that the inventory carries a form for a kind of nominal
description.Article.strengths is the set of strengths an article admits.This file is the Frame-free lexical layer. The denotations of articles, demonstratives and
possessives are in Semantics/Reference/Determiner.lean. A QuantificationalDeterminer records
its readings as determiner symbols (Quantifier.Det.Symbol), whose generalized-quantifier
denotations are in Semantics/Quantification/Determiner.lean. Inventory is a def
rather than an abbrev so that its operations resolve by dot notation; its membership is the
list's, and facts about one-entry inventories go through Inventory.marks_singleton.
Realizes is
inventory data and neither licensing nor felicity. A kind can be expressed without a determiner
realizing it, as Shan anaphoric definites are by bare nouns (Moroney), and which form a context
selects is pragmatics (Jenks).
A determiner is a D head with a surface form, a representative morpheme or a construction label. The specializations extend it.
The surface form.
Derives DecidableEq, Repr.
Used by Determiner.toWord, Article, DemonstrativeDeterminer, QuantificationalDeterminer, PossessiveDeterminer
A determiner is realized as a bare word of category DET.
Built from
Used in Chomsky1981, FutrellEtAl2020, Osborne2019
An article is exponed by a dedicated morpheme, a classifier construction, a demonstrative form or a bare noun. Whether the form marks definiteness is a matter of the uses it expones, not of its exponent.
A dedicated article morpheme, as English the and German der.
A bare classifier phrase, as the Cantonese definite [Clf-N].
A numeral-classifier phrase, as the Cantonese indefinite [jat-Clf-N].
A demonstrative form, as Mandarin anaphoric na.
A bare noun whose reading a covert type shift fixes.
Derives DecidableEq, Repr.
Used by Article
An article is the definite or indefinite determiner. Its uses are the definite uses it
obligatorily expones, and they are empty for an indefinite.
The article is definite or indefinite.
The exponent of the article.
The definite uses the article obligatorily expones.
The grammatical number the article selects, or none when it is number-neutral, as English a selects the singular.
Derives DecidableEq.
Built from ,
Instances instDenotesArticleForallForallForallRestrictorForallNatSetNominalAssignment
Used by Determiner.Entry, Article.strengths, Article.mem_strengths_iff_marks
Used in Fragments/Akan/Determiners, Fragments/Dutch/Determiners, Fragments/English/Determiners, Fragments/Farsi/Determiners, Fragments/Fering/Determiners and 6 more
A demonstrative determiner carries its deictic content, the participant sets of the referents in whose vicinity it locates its referent.
The participant sets of the referents in whose vicinity the form locates its referent.
Derives DecidableEq.
Built from
Used by Determiner.Entry
Used in Fragments/Dutch/Determiners, Fragments/English/Determiners, Fragments/Japanese/Determiners, Fragments/Mandarin/Determiners, Fragments/Romance/Spanish/Determiners and 7 more
A quantificational determiner records its readings, the determiner symbols whose denotations it may have, and what its denotation leaves open, the grammatical number it selects and whether it selects mass nouns, since synonymous determiners such as every and all differ there. Everything a reading fixes, its force, monotonicity, strength and conservativity, is a theorem about the reading.
The readings available for the determiner, empty when its standard is left to context.
The grammatical number the determiner selects, or none when it is number-neutral.
The determiner selects mass nouns.
Derives DecidableEq.
Built from
Instances Italian.Determiners.QuantityWord.instCoeOutQuantificationalDeterminer, Mandarin.Determiners.QuantityWord.instCoeOutQuantificationalDeterminer, QuantificationalDeterminer.instDenotesSetFamily
Used by Determiner.Entry
Used in Fragments/ASL/Determiners, Fragments/Dutch/Determiners, Fragments/English/Determiners, Fragments/German/Distributives, Fragments/Hausa/Determiners and 11 more
A possessive determiner denotes a definite through a possession relation.
Derives DecidableEq, Repr.
Built from
Used by Determiner.Entry
Used in Fragments/English/Determiners, Fragments/Mandarin/Determiners, Semantics/Genericity/NominalMappingParameter, Semantics/Reference/Determiner
An entry of an inventory is an occurrence of one of the four kinds of determiner.
Derives DecidableEq.
Built from , , ,
Used by Determiner.Entry.kind, Determiner.Entry.uses, Determiner.Entry.numberRestriction, Determiner.Entry.Selects, Determiner.Entry.instDecidableSelects, Determiner.Entry.strengths, Determiner.Entry.Marks, Determiner.Entry.instDecidableMarks, Determiner.Entry.marks_iff, Determiner.Entry.IsSyncretic, Determiner.Entry.instDecidableIsSyncretic, Determiner.Inventory, Determiner.Inventory.instMembershipEntry, Determiner.Inventory.instDecidableExistsEntryAndMemOfDecidablePred, Determiner.Inventory.marks_singleton
The kind of an entry records an article's definiteness and nothing else.
Derives DecidableEq, Repr.
Used by Determiner.Entry.kind
The kind of an entry.
Built from ,
Used by Determiner.Inventory.Realizes
The definite uses an entry obligatorily expones are an article's uses; a demonstrative,
quantifier or possessive expones none by its lexicon.
Built from
Used by Determiner.Entry.strengths, Determiner.Entry.marks_iff
The grammatical number an entry selects is an article's or a quantifier's restriction; a demonstrative or possessive selects none.
Built from
Used by Determiner.Entry.Selects
Used in Semantics/Genericity/NominalMappingParameter, Moroney2021
An entry applies to a nominal of number num when it selects that number or none.
Built from ,
Built from ,
The strengths an entry marks are those its definite uses call for.
Built from ,
Used by Determiner.Entry.Marks, Determiner.Inventory.strengths
An entry marks an article strength when some definite use it expones calls for it.
Built from ,
Used by Determiner.Entry.instDecidableMarks, Determiner.Entry.marks_iff, Determiner.Entry.IsSyncretic, Determiner.Inventory.Marks, Determiner.Inventory.marks_singleton, Article.mem_strengths_iff_marks
Built from ,
Built from , ,
An entry is syncretic when it marks both strengths, as English the does.
Built from ,
Used by Determiner.Entry.instDecidableIsSyncretic, Determiner.Inventory.IsSyncretic
A language's declared determiner inventory is a list of entries. It is a def so that the
operations below resolve by dot notation.
Built from
Used by Determiner.Inventory.instMembershipEntry, Determiner.Inventory.instDecidableEq, Determiner.Inventory.instDecidableExistsEntryAndMemOfDecidablePred, Determiner.Inventory.strengths, Determiner.Inventory.Marks, Determiner.Inventory.instDecidableMarks, Determiner.Inventory.marks_iff_mem_strengths, Determiner.Inventory.IsSyncretic, Determiner.Inventory.instDecidableIsSyncretic, Determiner.Inventory.Realizes, Determiner.Inventory.instDecidablePredNominalKindRealizes, Determiner.Inventory.realizes_toKind
Used in Fragments/Akan/Determiners, Fragments/Cantonese/Determiners, Fragments/Dutch/Determiners, Fragments/English/Determiners, Fragments/Fering/Determiners and 21 more
Built from ,
Built from ,
The strengths an inventory marks are those its entries mark.
Built from ,
Used by Determiner.Inventory.marks_iff_mem_strengths
Used in Fragments/Akan/Determiners, Fragments/Fering/Determiners, Fragments/German/Determiners, Fragments/Hausa/Determiners, Fragments/MauritianCreole/Determiners and 4 more
An inventory marks an article strength when some entry marks it.
Built from ,
Used by Determiner.Inventory.instDecidableMarks, Determiner.Inventory.marks_singleton, Determiner.Inventory.marks_iff_mem_strengths, Determiner.Inventory.Realizes, Determiner.Inventory.realizes_toKind
Used in Jenks2018
Built from ,
Built from , ,
Built from , ,
An inventory is syncretic when a single entry marks both strengths.
Built from ,
Used by Determiner.Inventory.instDecidableIsSyncretic
Used in Fragments/Cantonese/Determiners, Fragments/Dutch/Determiners, Fragments/English/Determiners, Fragments/Fering/Determiners, Fragments/German/Determiners and 8 more
Built from ,
An inventory realizes a kind of nominal description when it carries a form for it. A bare nominal needs no determiner, a unique or anaphoric definite needs an entry marking its strength, and an indefinite, demonstrative or possessive needs an entry of that kind.
Built from , ,
Used by Determiner.Inventory.instDecidablePredNominalKindRealizes, Determiner.Inventory.realizes_toKind
Used in Semantics/Genericity/NominalMappingParameter, Semantics/Reference/Determiner, Jenks2018, Moroney2021
The definition is too large to print here; read it in the source.
Built from ,
Built from , ,
The strengths an article admits are those its uses call for. A syncretic article such as English the admits both, and a weak or strong article admits one.
Built from
Used by Article.mem_strengths_iff_marks
Used in Semantics/Genericity/NominalMappingParameter, Semantics/Reference/Determiner
Built from , ,