Dutch determiners

This file records the Dutch articles and demonstratives after Broekhuis and Corver's grammar. The definite article is de with common-gender singulars and with every plural and het with neuter singulars, and it is one syncretic definite over the [Sch09b] use types. The indefinite article een occurs with singular count nouns only, since indefinite plural and mass noun phrases are bare. The negative article geen occurs with singular, plural and mass nouns alike, and the grammar argues that it is a quantifier rather than an article. The proximate demonstrative deze dit and the distal demonstrative die dat agree exactly as the definite article does. These three agreeing determiners are the agreement evidence for the two genders of Dutch.Gender.

Main declarations

• Dutch.Determiners.Target enumerates the determiners whose singular form agrees in gender, and Dutch.Determiners.singular gives that form. Dutch.Determiners.plural is the common-gender form, which every plural takes.
• Dutch.Determiners.injective_singular shows that each agreeing determiner distinguishes the two genders, and Dutch.Determiners.faithful concludes that the two genders are faithful to the evidence.
• Dutch.Determiners.inventory is the inventory, whose citation forms are the plural forms, and Dutch.Determiners.marking derives its [Mor21] cell.

Implementation notes

The uses of de are the [Sch09b] use types. The generic and proper-name uses of the definite article, on which [Sch20]'s micro-typology places Dutch between English and German, are not DefiniteUse cells and so go unrecorded.

References

• H. Broekhuis and N. Corver, Syntax of Dutch, Volume V: Nouns and Noun Phrases 2: Prenominal Elements, Pronouns and Syntactic Uses of Noun Phrases (2026)
• F. Schwarz, Two Types of Definites in Natural Language (2009)
• M. Moroney, Definiteness and quantification: Evidence from Shan (2021)
• M. Schmuck, The Grammaticalisation of Definite Articles in German, Dutch, and English: A Micro-Typological Approach (2020)

Gender agreement

inductive Dutch.Determiners.Target : Type

The determiners whose singular form agrees in gender are the definite article and the proximate and distal demonstratives.

• definite : Target
• proximate : Target
• distal : Target

@[instance_reducible]

instance Dutch.Determiners.instDecidableEqTarget : DecidableEq Target

Equations

• Dutch.Determiners.instDecidableEqTarget x✝ y✝ = if h : x✝.ctorIdx = y✝.ctorIdx then isTrue ⋯ else isFalse ⋯

def Dutch.Determiners.instReprTarget.repr : Target → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

@[instance_reducible]

instance Dutch.Determiners.instReprTarget : Repr Target

Equations

• Dutch.Determiners.instReprTarget = { reprPrec := Dutch.Determiners.instReprTarget.repr }

@[instance_reducible]

instance Dutch.Determiners.instFintypeTarget : Fintype Target

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Dutch.Determiners.singular : Gender.Value → Target → String

The singular form of each agreeing determiner is de, deze or die with a common-gender noun and het, dit or dat with a neuter noun.

Equations

• Dutch.Determiners.singular Dutch.Gender.Value.common Dutch.Determiners.Target.definite = "de"
• Dutch.Determiners.singular Dutch.Gender.Value.common Dutch.Determiners.Target.proximate = "deze"
• Dutch.Determiners.singular Dutch.Gender.Value.common Dutch.Determiners.Target.distal = "die"
• Dutch.Determiners.singular Dutch.Gender.Value.neuter Dutch.Determiners.Target.definite = "het"
• Dutch.Determiners.singular Dutch.Gender.Value.neuter Dutch.Determiners.Target.proximate = "dit"
• Dutch.Determiners.singular Dutch.Gender.Value.neuter Dutch.Determiners.Target.distal = "dat"

def Dutch.Determiners.plural (t : Target) : String

The plural form of each agreeing determiner is its common-gender singular form.

Equations

• Dutch.Determiners.plural t = Dutch.Determiners.singular Dutch.Gender.Value.common t

theorem Dutch.Determiners.injective_singular (t : Target) : Function.Injective fun (x : Gender.Value) => singular x t

Each agreeing determiner distinguishes the two genders in the singular.

theorem Dutch.Determiners.faithful : Gender.Faithful singular

The two genders are faithful to the determiner evidence.

The inventory

def Dutch.Determiners.de : Article

The definite article de ~ het is one syncretic definite over the [Sch09b] use types.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Dutch.Determiners.een : Article

The indefinite article een occurs with singular count nouns, since indefinite plural and mass noun phrases are bare.

Equations

• Dutch.Determiners.een = { form := "een", definiteness := Reference.Definiteness.indefinite, exponent := Determiner.Exponent.dedicatedMorpheme }

def Dutch.Determiners.geen : Quantifier

The negative article geen occurs with singular, plural and mass nouns alike, and the grammar argues that it is a quantifier rather than an article.

Equations

• Dutch.Determiners.geen = { form := "geen", selectsMass := true }

def Dutch.Determiners.deze : DemonstrativeDeterminer

The proximate demonstrative is deze ~ dit.

Equations

• Dutch.Determiners.deze = { form := Dutch.Determiners.plural Dutch.Determiners.Target.proximate, deixis := Person.first.participantSets }

def Dutch.Determiners.die : DemonstrativeDeterminer

The distal demonstrative is die ~ dat.

Equations

• Dutch.Determiners.die = { form := Dutch.Determiners.plural Dutch.Determiners.Target.distal, deixis := Person.first.participantSetsᶜ }

def Dutch.Determiners.inventory : Determiner.Inventory

The inventory lists the two articles, geen and the two demonstratives.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

theorem Dutch.Determiners.marking : inventory.markingStrategy = Reference.MarkingStrategy.generallyMarked

Dutch derives the .generallyMarked [Mor21] cell.