Lakhota determiner inventory #
Lakhota (Siouan, ISO lkt) has two overt definite articles: the general
kiŋ, with both situational and anaphoric uses, and k'uŋ 'the
above-mentioned', restricted to previously-mentioned referents and far
rarer ([latrouite-van-valin-2014]; [ingham-2003b] §15.1 has ki "for new
or previously mentioned items without distinction" and k'uŋ as an
infrequent switch back to an earlier topic — endorsing [curl-1999]'s
topic-marking account — or an emphatic marker of 'enforced reality').
Because kiŋ covers anaphora, the inventory derives .generallyMarked;
the .bipartite cell follows only under [Sch13] §4.2.1's tentative
weak/strong construal of the pair, disputed also by [Ing03] (the
element is basically a topic marker) and [ogorman-2011] (accessibility).
Covarying (donkey) uses are unreported for either article. The singular
specific (realis) indefinite article is waŋ, opposed to non-specific
waŋži ([rood-taylor-1996] Table 3; [latrouite-van-valin-2014] Table 1;
[ingham-2003b] §15.1.4); the non-specific, negative, and plural series
are not typed here.
References #
The Lakhota determiners are the general definite kiŋ, the anaphoric-only definite k'uŋ, and the specific indefinite waŋ.
Equations
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Instances For
Lakhota derives the .generallyMarked Moroney cell: kiŋ syncretically
covers both presupposition types, so the anaphoric-only k'uŋ does not
make the system .bipartite.