Turkish verbs

This file defines the Turkish verbs that the studies of Qing and colleagues and of Göksel and Kerslake consume. The preferential attitudes are kork- 'fear', um- 'hope' and endişelen- 'worry', whose distributivity over alternatives follows from the kind of preference each records. They take a nominalized clause, in the ablative under kork- and endişelen- and in the accusative under um-, and the first two take it as a question as well. The intransitive dolan- 'walk around' takes no complement. The causatives öldür- 'kill' and yaptır- 'have done' are built on öl- 'die' and yap- 'do' by the voice suffix -DIr.

Turkish is agglutinating, so a verb records the segments of its root and the voice suffixes of its stem. Its inflected forms are derived by Turkish.realize, the attachment of suffixes in Turkish.Morphotactics followed by the surface forms of Turkish.Phonology, rather than listed.

Main definitions

• Turkish.Verb: a Turkish verb, the root Verb with its root segments and voice suffixes.
• Turkish.Verb.suffixes, Turkish.Verb.inflect: the suffix string of a verb under a string of inflectional suffixes, and its surface form.
• Turkish.verbs: the inventory of the entries.

References

• [GK05]
• [QOR+25]

structure Turkish.Verbextends Verb : Type

A Turkish verb is the root entry, whose form is the spelled stem, together with the segments of its root and the voice suffixes that build its stem.

• valency : Valency
• voiceType : Option VoiceType
• passivizable : Bool
• perfectAuxiliaries : Finset PerfectAuxiliary
• vendlerClass : Option Aspect.VendlerClass
• scaleDimension : Option Degree.ScalarDimension
• scalePolarity : Polarity
• direction : Option Spatial.Path.Direction
• incrementality : Option Aspect.Incrementality
• phasal : Option Aspect.Phasal
• factivity : Option Presupposition.Factivity
• implicative : NaturalLogic.ImplicationSignature
• opaqueContext : Bool
• attitude : Option _root_.Attitude
• readings : List Reading
• complementSig : Option NaturalLogic.Signature
• levinClasses : Finset ArgumentStructure.LevinClass
• levinExcluded : Finset ArgumentStructure.LevinClass
• root : Semantics.Root
• morphs : List Morphology.Morph
• speechActVerb : Bool
• senseTag : SenseTag
• rootSegments : List Phonology.Segment

  The segments of the root.

• voice : List (Exponent Slot.voice)

  The voice suffixes of the stem, in order.

@[instance_reducible]

instance Turkish.instBEqVerb : BEq Verb

Equations

• Turkish.instBEqVerb = { beq := Turkish.instBEqVerb.beq }

def Turkish.instBEqVerb.beq : Verb → Verb → Bool

Equations

• Turkish.instBEqVerb.beq { toVerb := a, rootSegments := a_1, voice := a_2 } { toVerb := b, rootSegments := b_1, voice := b_2 } = (a == b && (a_1 == b_1 && a_2 == b_2))
• Turkish.instBEqVerb.beq x✝¹ x✝ = false

def Turkish.Verb.suffixes (v : Verb) (sfx : List ((σ : Slot) × Exponent σ)) : List ((σ : Slot) × Exponent σ)

v.suffixes sfx is the suffix string of the verb under the inflectional suffixes sfx, its voice suffixes followed by sfx.

Equations

• v.suffixes sfx = List.map (fun (x : Turkish.Verb.Exponent Turkish.Verb.Slot.voice) => ⟨Turkish.Verb.Slot.voice, x⟩) v.voice ++ sfx

def Turkish.Verb.inflect (v : Verb) (sfx : List ((σ : Slot) × Exponent σ)) : List Phonology.Segment

v.inflect sfx is the surface form of the verb under the inflectional suffixes sfx, which with no suffixes is the stem.

Equations

• v.inflect sfx = Turkish.realize v.rootSegments (List.map (fun (e : (σ : Turkish.Verb.Slot) × Turkish.Verb.Exponent σ) => e.snd.form) (v.suffixes sfx))

def Turkish.nominalizedQuestion : ArgumentFrame

The frame of a verb that takes a nominalized clause as a question.

Equations

• Turkish.nominalizedQuestion = { complements := [ArgumentFrame.Position.clausal (some Complement.Coding.nominalized) Clause.Selection.interrogatives] }

Preferential attitudes

def Turkish.kork : Verb

kork- 'fear', a negative preference by comparison of degrees.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Turkish.um : Verb

um- 'hope', a positive preference by comparison of degrees.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Turkish.endişelen : Verb

endişelen- 'worry', a preference relative to uncertainty.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

Motion

def Turkish.dolan : Verb

dolan- 'walk around', intransitive.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

Causatives

def Turkish.öldür : Verb

öldür- 'kill', the causative of öl- 'die'.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Turkish.yaptır : Verb

yaptır- 'have done, make do', the causative of yap- 'do, make'.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Turkish.verbs : List Verb

verbs lists the entries.

Equations

• Turkish.verbs = [Turkish.kork, Turkish.um, Turkish.endişelen, Turkish.dolan, Turkish.öldür, Turkish.yaptır]