Documentation

Linglib.Fragments.Turkish.Morphotactics

Turkish morphotactics #

Turkish is suffixing: derivational suffixes precede inflectional ones and clitics follow both ([goksel-kerslake-2005] §6.3). The inflectional suffixes of a finite verb appear in the order root - voice - negation - tense/aspect/modality - copular marker - person marker - -DIr (§8.2), the tense/aspect/modality markers themselves falling into five positions (§8.2.3): the possibility suffix -(y)A (1), which precedes the negative (§8.2.3.1), the bound auxiliaries (2), the markers of tense, aspect and modality proper (3), the copular markers (4) and -DIr (5). Markers of one position cannot co-occur, and every finite verb but the imperative and the third-person optative carries one of position 3; the voice slot alone admits a sequence of suffixes, up to four (§8.2 (7), §8.2.1.1). The inflectional suffixes of a nominal appear in the order number - possession - case (§8.1). The finite verb and the nominal are each a Morphology.PositionClassSystem: a slot inventory, its template, and the exponents of each slot, with the person markers (§8.4) and the possessives (§8.1.2) as Agreement.Paradigms. The clitics mI and dA, which can interrupt the inflectional string (§6.3 (5)), are Chapter 11 material outside both systems. The markers' meanings are the matter of Chapter 21 and Appendix 2: -DI marks past tense, perfective aspect and direct knowledge, -mIş relative past tense, perfective aspect and indirect knowledge (evidential modality, §21.4.3), the copular -(y)mIş evidential modality alone; -mIş followed by a copular marker or -DIr is perfective only (§8.2.3.3). Negation of the aorist is irregular, -mAz for -(A/I)r (§8.2.2; see Turkish.Negation). The grammar's examples are checked against both systems in Studies/GokselKerslake2005.lean.

Main definitions #

References #

The finite verb #

source
inductive Turkish.Verb.Slot :
Type

The suffix slots of a finite verb (§8.2, §8.2.3).

  • voice : Slot

    Causative, passive, reflexive and reciprocal (§8.2.1).

  • possibility : Slot

    The possibility suffix -(y)A of negative forms, position 1 (§8.2.3.1).

  • negation : Slot

    -mA (§8.2.2).

  • auxiliary : Slot

    The bound auxiliaries -(y)Abil, -(y)Iver, -(y)Agel, -(y)Ayaz, -(y)Akal and -(y)Adur, position 2 (§8.2.3.2).

  • tam : Slot

    Position 3: -DI, -mIş, -sA, the aorist, -(y)AcAK, -(I)yor, -mAlI, -mAktA and the optative -(y)A (§8.2.3.3).

  • copula : Slot

    The copular markers -(y)DI, -(y)mIş and -(y)sA, position 4 (§8.3.2).

  • person : Slot

    Person markers (§8.4).

  • generalizing : Slot

    The generalizing-modality marker -DIr, position 5 (§8.3.3).

Instances For
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    @[instance_reducible]
    instance Turkish.Verb.instDecidableEqSlot :
    DecidableEq Slot
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    @[instance_reducible]
    instance Turkish.Verb.instReprSlot :
    Repr Slot
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    def Turkish.Verb.instReprSlot.repr :
    Slot → ℕ → Std.Format
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    Instances For
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      inductive Turkish.Verb.PersonGroup :
      Type

      The person-marker groups of §8.4: group 1 after -DI, -sA and the copular markers -(y)DI and -(y)sA; group 2 after the other position-3 markers, the copular -(y)mIş and nominal predicates. The optative and imperative groups 3 and 4 are not represented.

      Instances For
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        @[instance_reducible]
        instance Turkish.Verb.instDecidableEqPersonGroup :
        DecidableEq PersonGroup
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        @[instance_reducible]
        instance Turkish.Verb.instReprPersonGroup :
        Repr PersonGroup
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        def Turkish.Verb.instReprPersonGroup.repr :
        PersonGroup → ℕ → Std.Format
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          def Turkish.Verb.PersonGroup.one.paradigm :
          Agreement.Paradigm (List Phonology.Segment)

          The person markers of group 1 (§8.4); the second-person plural is also the formal singular, and the third-person singular is zero.

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            def Turkish.Verb.PersonGroup.two.paradigm :
            Agreement.Paradigm (List Phonology.Segment)

            The person markers of group 2 (§8.4).

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              def Turkish.Verb.PersonGroup.paradigm :
              PersonGroup → Agreement.Paradigm (List Phonology.Segment)

              The paradigm of a person-marker group.

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              Instances For
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                inductive Turkish.Verb.Exponent :
                Slot → Type

                The exponents of each slot (§8.2.1 to §8.4).

                Instances For
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                  @[instance_reducible]
                  instance Turkish.Verb.instDecidableEqExponent {a✝ : Slot} :
                  DecidableEq (Exponent a✝)
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                  def Turkish.Verb.instDecidableEqExponent.decEq {a✝ : Slot} (x✝ x✝¹ : Exponent a✝) :
                  Decidable (x✝ = x✝¹)
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                    def Turkish.Verb.Exponent.form {σ : Slot} :
                    Exponent σ → List Phonology.Segment

                    The form of an exponent after a consonant-final stem; the deletable vowels and buffer y of §6.1.3 and the stem-conditioned allomorphs of §8.2.1 are not represented, and a person cell outside its group's paradigm has no form.

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                    Instances For
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                      def Turkish.Verb.system :
                      Morphology.PositionClassSystem

                      The finite verb: its slots in the order of §8.2, the voice slot iterable.

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                        The nominal #

                        source
                        inductive Turkish.Nominal.Slot :
                        Type

                        The inflectional suffix slots of a nominal (§8.1).

                        Instances For
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                          @[instance_reducible]
                          instance Turkish.Nominal.instDecidableEqSlot :
                          DecidableEq Slot
                          Equations
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                          @[instance_reducible]
                          instance Turkish.Nominal.instReprSlot :
                          Repr Slot
                          Equations
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                          def Turkish.Nominal.instReprSlot.repr :
                          Slot → ℕ → Std.Format
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                          Instances For
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                            def Turkish.Nominal.possessives :
                            Agreement.Paradigm (List Phonology.Segment)

                            The possessive suffixes (§8.1.2); the second-person plural is also the formal singular, and the third-person forms lose their final n word-finally.

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                              inductive Turkish.Nominal.Exponent :
                              Slot → Type

                              The exponents of each slot (§8.1.1 to §8.1.3).

                              Instances For
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                                @[instance_reducible]
                                instance Turkish.Nominal.instDecidableEqExponent {a✝ : Slot} :
                                DecidableEq (Exponent a✝)
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                                def Turkish.Nominal.instDecidableEqExponent.decEq {a✝ : Slot} (x✝ x✝¹ : Exponent a✝) :
                                Decidable (x✝ = x✝¹)
                                Equations
                                Instances For
                                  source
                                  def Turkish.Nominal.Exponent.form {σ : Slot} :
                                  Exponent σ → List Phonology.Segment

                                  The form of an exponent after a consonant-final stem (§6.1.3 as for the verb).

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                                  Instances For
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                                    def Turkish.Nominal.system :
                                    Morphology.PositionClassSystem

                                    The nominal: number - possession - case (§8.1).

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