Korean Complementizers and Clause-Embedding Verbs #

@cite{bondarenko-2022} @cite{bogal-allbritten-moulton-2018} @cite{kim-min-joo-2009}

Korean clause-typing morphology and matrix verbs that select bare vs. nominalized embedded clauses (@cite{bondarenko-2022} §4.3.2).

Three clause-typing morphemes (Bondarenko's specific decomposition) #

-ta — declarative ending. @cite{bondarenko-2022} §4.3.2 (following @cite{bogal-allbritten-moulton-2018}) analyses -ta as the overt exponent of ContP, the projection introducing the CONT function. NOT the consensus view: alternative analyses (Shim & Ihsane 2015; @cite{kim-min-joo-2009}) treat -ta differently (clause-typing morpheme without specific structural decomposition). This Fragment file exposes the morpheme; the ContP-bearing claim is paper-specific apparatus and lives in Phenomena/Complementation/Studies/Bondarenko2022.lean.
-nun — adnominal ending; turns a clause into a noun-modifier. Co-occurs with kes in nominalized complement clauses.
-ko — connective / quotative complementizer. Used in serialised predicate constructions and as a quotative complementizer.

The lexical noun kes #

kes — 'thing'. Light noun (M.-J. Kim 2009) that combines with an adnominal-clause modifier to yield a nominalized clause that can saturate a DP argument slot. The Korean version of the "Saxon-genitive D + N" Bondarenko's general analysis posits.

Scope #

Per the project Fragment-discipline rule (textbook-consensus metadata only): only the morphological inventory and verb entries belong here. The Bondarenko-specific Cont/Comp split projection lives in the Bondarenko2022 Studies file.

Matrix verbs #

yukamsulewehay-ta 'regret' — preferential negative, stative
mit-ta 'believe' — doxastic non-veridical
sayngkakha-ta 'think' — doxastic non-veridical
haysekha-ta 'interpret' — speech act / doxastic
selmyengha-ta 'explain' — accomplishment (the explain-class verb anchoring §4.4.2 theme-arg analysis)

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inductive Fragments.Korean.Complementizers.KoreanClauseSuffix :

Type

The three clause-typing morphemes covered here.

ta : KoreanClauseSuffix
-ta — declarative ending. Bondarenko-specific decomposition treats it as overt ContP per @cite{bogal-allbritten-moulton-2018}; the consensus view (Shim & Ihsane 2015, M.-J. Kim 2009) treats it as a clause-typing morpheme without that specific structural decomposition.
nun : KoreanClauseSuffix
-nun — adnominal ending; turns a clause into a noun modifier (typically followed by kes "thing" in nominalized clauses).
ko : KoreanClauseSuffix
-ko — connective / quotative complementizer.

Instances For

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@[implicit_reducible]

instance Fragments.Korean.Complementizers.instDecidableEqKoreanClauseSuffix :

DecidableEq KoreanClauseSuffix

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Fragments.Korean.Complementizers.instDecidableEqKoreanClauseSuffix x✝ y✝ = if h : x✝.ctorIdx = y✝.ctorIdx then isTrue ⋯ else isFalse ⋯

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@[implicit_reducible]

instance Fragments.Korean.Complementizers.instReprKoreanClauseSuffix :

Repr KoreanClauseSuffix

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Fragments.Korean.Complementizers.instReprKoreanClauseSuffix = { reprPrec := Fragments.Korean.Complementizers.instReprKoreanClauseSuffix.repr }

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def Fragments.Korean.Complementizers.instReprKoreanClauseSuffix.repr :

KoreanClauseSuffix → ℕ → Std.Format

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One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

Instances For

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def Fragments.Korean.Complementizers.KoreanClauseSuffix.form :

KoreanClauseSuffix → String

Phonological form.

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Instances For

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def Fragments.Korean.Complementizers.KoreanClauseSuffix.isAdnominal :

KoreanClauseSuffix → Bool

Whether the suffix typically appears in nominalized clauses (consensus across analyses, including Bondarenko, M.-J. Kim, Shim & Ihsane). The adnominal -nun is the canonical nominalization morpheme; -ta and -ko are not.

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Fragments.Korean.Complementizers.KoreanClauseSuffix.nun.isAdnominal = true
x✝.isAdnominal = false

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theorem Fragments.Korean.Complementizers.suffixes_distinct :

KoreanClauseSuffix.ta ≠ KoreanClauseSuffix.nun ∧ KoreanClauseSuffix.ta ≠ KoreanClauseSuffix.ko ∧ KoreanClauseSuffix.nun ≠ KoreanClauseSuffix.ko

The three suffixes are pairwise distinct.

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def Fragments.Korean.Complementizers.kes :

{ form : String // form = "kes" }

kes — 'thing'. Light noun analysed by @cite{kim-min-joo-2009} as null-D + N. Combines with an adnominal -nun-marked clause to yield a nominalized DP that can saturate argument slots.

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