Docs / Studies / Studies.Pater2001
Pater, J. (2001). In Segmental Phonology in Optimality Theory: Constraints and Representations (pp. 159–182). Cambridge University Press
Pater argues that nasal substitution, the fusion of a prefix nasal with a following voiceless obstruent, is not an effect of *NC̥. Muna -um- fuses with a root-initial voiceless labial although no candidate has a nasal before a voiceless obstruent, and the Muna forms follow from a ban on two labials and faithfulness to [Pharyngeal Expansion], which voiced obstruents bear. The same faithfulness, ranked above a ban on place shared across the left edge of a Prosodic Word, derives the Indonesian forms, among them assimilation between two prefixes, where the earlier *NC̥ analysis fuses. With NASASSIM on top, no reranking makes only some voiced stops fuse, as the intermediate types of Newman's typology do.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14394/32431, whose cover sheet calls the chapter a slightly
revised version of it. Example numbers are the manuscript's.NasalSubstitution.substitute), so fusion
and assimilation followed by loss of the consonant give one string. The Muna fused nasal is
Muna's nasal homorganic with the consonant in the same way: m before p and f, and the m
of -um- unchanged before w, whose double articulation no Muna nasal has.Segment.Homorganic). The input carries the morph of each segment
and the Prosodic Word is read off it, prefixes outside and an output segment inside when one
of its correspondents is. *PL/LAB² counts non-syllabic labials, since PHOIBLE makes round
vowels [+labial].[Pharyngeal Expansion], the feature Pater gives voiced obstruents and implosives and denies nasals and voiceless obstruents: here the [−sonorant, +voice] segments.
Used by instDecidablePredSegmentPharExp
The definition is too large to print here; read it in the source.
Built from
The adjacent pairs of a word.
A candidate is an input and an output related as Pater's subscripts relate them, a correspondence from the input to the output.
A candidate, a correspondence from the input to the output.
Used by nc, nasAssim, plab2, maxIO, uniformity, identPharExp, identPlace, OutInPrWd, instDecidablePredNatOutInPrWd, crispEdge, uniformityRt, junctureCorr, corr, tableau, ncRanking, ranking, meN, meNper, predict, Muna.corr, Muna.cands, Muna.ranking, Muna.tableau, Muna.um
*NC̥: a nasal before a voiceless obstruent.
The definition is too large to print here; read it in the source.
Built from
Used by ncRanking, uniformity_empat, nc_muna
NASASSIM (36): a nasal not homorganic with the consonant after it.
The definition is too large to print here; read it in the source.
Built from
Used by ranking, optimal_kalinga
*PL/LAB², the self-conjunction of *PL/LAB (15): two labial consonants or glides in a word, the non-syllabic segments with labial place.
The definition is too large to print here; read it in the source.
Built from
Used by Muna.ranking
MAX: an input segment with no output correspondent.
Built from
Used by Muna.ranking, max_baru
UNIFORMITY: an output segment with two input correspondents.
Built from
Used by ncRanking, ranking, Muna.ranking, uniformity_empat, optimal_kalinga
IDENT[PHAREXP]: corresponding segments that differ in [Pharyngeal Expansion].
The definition is too large to print here; read it in the source.
Built from
Used by ranking, Muna.ranking, optimal_kalinga
IDENT[PLACE]: corresponding segments that differ in place.
The definition is too large to print here; read it in the source.
Built from
Used by ranking, identPlace_fuse, optimal_kalinga
The input carries the morph each segment belongs to, and the Prosodic Word is read off it as ALIGN-WD places it: prefixes lie outside, and roots and suffixes inside.
A morph is inside the Prosodic Word unless it is bound before its host, as a prefix is.
Used by instDecidablePredKindInPrWd, OutInPrWd
Built from
The output segment at j is in the Prosodic Word when one of its input correspondents
belongs to a morph inside it, kinds giving the morph of each input segment.
Built from ,
Used by instDecidablePredNatOutInPrWd
The definition is too large to print here; read it in the source.
Built from ,
CRISPEDGE[PRWD] (32): homorganic neighbours on the two sides of an edge of the Prosodic Word, whose place is linked across it.
The definition is too large to print here; read it in the source.
Built from
Used by ranking, optimal_kalinga
UNIFORMITY of roots: an output segment with two input correspondents in a root.
The definition is too large to print here; read it in the source.
Built from
Used by ncRanking
The outcomes of Pater's tableaux: fusion of the nasal and the consonant into one nasal, assimilation of the nasal, and the faithful cluster.
Derives DecidableEq, Fintype.
Used by junctureCorr, corr, tableau, winningOutput, meN, meNper, predict, ncCands, typologyCon
The candidates of the nasal N before x under each outcome, with y the nasal that N
assimilates to, which is also the fused nasal.
The definition is too large to print here; read it in the source.
Built from ,
Used by corr
The Indonesian candidates of a nasal N before x, whose assimilated and fused nasal is the
one the Indonesian rules give.
Built from , ,
Used by tableau, uniformity_empat, identPlace_fuse
The tableau of the nasal N of a morph of kind kN before the consonant x of a morph of
kind kx, under the constraints cs in rank order.
Built from , ,
Used by optimal_ncRanking_prefix_root, optimal_ncRanking_root, optimal_ranking_root, optimal_kalinga, consonants_filter_fuse, optimal_ranking_l
Pater 1999's analysis as (3) and (4) state it: UNIFORMITY of roots ≫ *NC̥ ≫ UNIFORMITY.
Built from , , ,
Used by optimal_ncRanking_prefix_root, optimal_ncRanking_root, ncRanking_mispredicts_per
The reanalysis (38), (39) and (42): NASASSIM, IDENT[PHAREXP] ≫ CRISPEDGE[PRWD] ≫ UNIFORMITY ≫ IDENT[PLACE].
Built from , , , , ,
Used by indonesian_predicts, optimal_ranking_root, consonants_filter_fuse, optimal_ranking_l
The output of the winners of a tableau over the outcomes of the nasal N before x, if
they have one output.
The definition is too large to print here; read it in the source.
Built from
What meN- before base comes out as under cs, among the outcomes cands.
The definition is too large to print here; read it in the source.
Built from ,
Used by predict
What meN- before per- before base comes out as under cs, among the outcomes
cands.
The definition is too large to print here; read it in the source.
Built from ,
Used by predict, ncRanking_mispredicts_per
What an Indonesian relation of the table predicts for its base.
Built from , , ,
Used by indonesian_predicts
The outcomes of Muna -um- before a root in Pater's tableaux: infixation, deletion of the affix, and fusion of its nasal with the root-initial consonant.
Derives DecidableEq, Fintype.
Used by Muna.output, Muna.edges, Muna.corr, Muna.tableau
The vowel /u/ of -um-.
Used by Muna.output
The nasal /m/ of -um-.
Used by Muna.output
The consonants a nasal fuses with, Hayes's [−syllabic] segments.
Used by Muna.output
The output of each outcome of -um- before the root x :: w.
Built from , , ,
The correspondence of each outcome, from the positions of u :: m :: x :: w to those of its
output: infixation reorders, deletion leaves the affix without correspondents, and fusion maps
the nasal and the consonant to one nasal.
Built from
The candidates of -um- before the root x :: w.
The definition is too large to print here; read it in the source.
Built from ,
Used by Muna.cands, Muna.tableau
The candidates of -um- before root.
Built from ,
(23), (24): *PL/LAB², IDENT[PHAREXP] ≫ MAX ≫ UNIFORMITY.
Built from , , , ,
Used by muna_predicts
The tableau of -um- before the root x :: w under cs.
Built from , ,
What -um- before root comes out as under cs.
The definition is too large to print here; read it in the source.
Built from
Used by muna_predicts
The segments of a form, each read through its glyph in the PHOIBLE inventory I.
Used by ncRanking_mispredicts_per, nc_muna, muna_predicts, max_baru, indonesian_predicts
The candidates of (3) and (4).
Built from
Used by optimal_ncRanking_prefix_root, optimal_ncRanking_root, ncRanking_mispredicts_per
Built from , , ,
Built from , ,
Built from , ,
UNIFORMITY of roots keeps *NC̥ from fusing inside a root but not between two prefixes, so meN- before per- fuses, contrary to məmpərbesar.
Built from , , ,
-um- creates no nasal before a voiceless obstruent, so *NC̥ rates every Muna candidate alike and cannot be what makes voiceless consonants fuse.
Built from , ,
Under *PL/LAB², IDENT[PHAREXP] ≫ MAX ≫ UNIFORMITY, -um- fuses with a root-initial voiceless labial and is deleted before a voiced or implosive one. Every form of the table follows but wanu, which Pater leaves to a lexically specific faithfulness constraint.
Built from , ,
Built from , ,
Under NASASSIM, IDENT[PHAREXP] ≫ CRISPEDGE[PRWD] ≫ UNIFORMITY ≫ IDENT[PLACE], every Indonesian form of the table follows: the prefix nasal fuses with a voiceless obstruent at the left edge of a root, and assimilates to a voiced one and to the p of per-.
Built from , ,
Built from ,
Built from ,
Built from , , , , , ,
Built from , ,
Built from , ,
The constraints of (38) to (40), NASASSIM, IDENT[PHAREXP], CRISPEDGE[PRWD] and UNIFORMITY,
on the candidates of the prefix nasal before x at the left edge of a root.
The definition is too large to print here; read it in the source.
Built from
The stops of Newman's typology (41) that fuse with the prefix nasal under the ranking ρ.
The definition is too large to print here; read it in the source.
With NASASSIM undominated, the stops that fuse are none, the voiceless ones or all of them, as in Newman's Malay and Kalinga types, never only some of the voiced ones, as in his intermediate types.
Built from
Built from