Istratkova (2004): On Multiple Prefixation in Bulgarian

This file formalizes [Ist04], the account of Bulgarian verbs carrying up to seven prefixes. Prefixes quantize rather than perfectivize: the simplex homogeneous verbs of (2) are aspectless, and a prefix or the semelfactive suffix quantizes them so that the aspectual head can project (homogeneous). In a stack only the innermost prefix is lexical and the rest are superlexical, [Sve04]'s generalization (Svenonius2004.WellStacked), and the superlexical prefixes are merged above AspP in the fixed order of the hierarchy (32), attenuative po- over inceptive za- over terminative do- over completive iz- over distributive po- over cumulative na- over excessive raz- over repetitive pre- (hierarchy, Ordered), with distributive po- occurring only under completive iz-, (29), and delimitative po- attaching to simplex atelic verbs alone, (26). The attested stacks of Sections 1, 4 and 5 conform (attested_wellFormed), the starred stacks that reverse two heads of the hierarchy are excluded (starred_not_wellFormed), and attenuative po- is always outermost.

Implementation notes

• The surface prefix po- is classified as distributive under completive iz- and attenuative otherwise, following the paper's glosses; a starred stack with po- below another head is excluded on either classification, the distributive one for want of iz-.
• The hierarchy places excessive raz- above repetitive pre-, but the paper accepts the flipped order in (25c) and (30b) with a different scope reading; the flipped forms are rows, not analyses. The starred stacks the paper attributes to meaning incompatibility, (18d), (20e), (20f) and the na-pre- cells of Table 2, conform to the hierarchy and are not derived.
• The selection of high inceptive za- for an imperfective output, (24a), is recorded in the rows; the analyses carry no outer aspect.

References

• [Ist04]
• [Sve04]

def Istratkova2004.homogeneous : List Verb.Stem

The simplex homogeneous verbs of (2), analysed as aspectless: the fragment records the dictionary-imperfective value they show by default.

Equations

• Istratkova2004.homogeneous = [Bulgarian.Verbs.misla, Bulgarian.Verbs.obicham, Bulgarian.Verbs.znam, Bulgarian.Verbs.blesta, Bulgarian.Verbs.pisha, Bulgarian.Verbs.cheta, Bulgarian.Verbs.peja]

The hierarchy

def Istratkova2004.hierarchy : List Svenonius2004.SuperlexicalSubtype

The hierarchy (32) of superlexical heads above AspP, highest first; delimitative po- merges low and does not stack.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.Above (s t : Svenonius2004.SuperlexicalSubtype) : Prop

s is merged above t.

Equations

• Istratkova2004.Above s t = (List.idxOf s Istratkova2004.hierarchy < List.idxOf t Istratkova2004.hierarchy)

@[instance_reducible]

instance Istratkova2004.instDecidableAbove (s t : Svenonius2004.SuperlexicalSubtype) : Decidable (Above s t)

Equations

• Istratkova2004.instDecidableAbove s t = { decide := (List.idxOf s Istratkova2004.hierarchy).succ.ble (List.idxOf t Istratkova2004.hierarchy), reflects_decide := ⋯ }

def Istratkova2004.superlexicals (ps : List (Morphology.Morph × Svenonius2004.PrefixClass)) : List Svenonius2004.SuperlexicalSubtype

The superlexical heads of a classified prefix sequence, outermost first.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.Ordered (ps : List (Morphology.Morph × Svenonius2004.PrefixClass)) : Prop

The stack conforms to the hierarchy: every superlexical prefix is merged above the ones inside it.

Equations

• Istratkova2004.Ordered ps = List.Pairwise Istratkova2004.Above (Istratkova2004.superlexicals ps)

def Istratkova2004.DistributiveLicensed (ps : List (Morphology.Morph × Svenonius2004.PrefixClass)) : Prop

Distributive po- occurs only with completive iz- outside, (21) and (29).

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.DelimitativeAlone (ps : List (Morphology.Morph × Svenonius2004.PrefixClass)) : Prop

Delimitative po- does not stack, (26).

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.WellFormed (ps : List (Morphology.Morph × Svenonius2004.PrefixClass)) : Prop

A well-formed stack: superlexicals outside lexicals, in hierarchy order, with distributive po- licensed and delimitative po- alone.

Equations

• Istratkova2004.WellFormed ps = (Svenonius2004.WellStacked ps ∧ Istratkova2004.Ordered ps ∧ Istratkova2004.DistributiveLicensed ps ∧ Istratkova2004.DelimitativeAlone ps)

@[instance_reducible]

instance Istratkova2004.instDecidableWellFormed (ps : List (Morphology.Morph × Svenonius2004.PrefixClass)) : Decidable (WellFormed ps)

Equations

• Istratkova2004.instDecidableWellFormed ps = id (id (id (id inferInstance)))

theorem Istratkova2004.attenuative_outermost {l : List Svenonius2004.SuperlexicalSubtype} (h : List.Pairwise Above l) (hm : Svenonius2004.SuperlexicalSubtype.attenuative ∈ l) : l.head? = some Svenonius2004.SuperlexicalSubtype.attenuative

Nothing stacks on top of attenuative po-: in an ordered stack it is outermost.

The attested stacks

def Istratkova2004.a1a : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(1a) za-piša 'put down in writing': lexical za- on piša.

Equations

• Istratkova2004.a1a = { ex := Istratkova2004.Examples.ex_1a, stem := Bulgarian.Verbs.pisha, prefixes := [(Bulgarian.Verbs.za, Svenonius2004.PrefixClass.lexical)] }

def Istratkova2004.a3a : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(3a) iz-misl'a 'make up (a story)': lexical iz-.

Equations

• Istratkova2004.a3a = { ex := Istratkova2004.Examples.ex_3a, stem := Bulgarian.Verbs.misla, prefixes := [(Bulgarian.Verbs.iz, Svenonius2004.PrefixClass.lexical)] }

def Istratkova2004.a3b : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(3b) za-običam 'start to love': low inceptive za- on a homogeneous verb.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a3c : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(3c) po-znam 'guess': lexical po-.

Equations

• Istratkova2004.a3c = { ex := Istratkova2004.Examples.ex_3c, stem := Bulgarian.Verbs.znam, prefixes := [(Bulgarian.Verbs.po, Svenonius2004.PrefixClass.lexical)] }

def Istratkova2004.a3d : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(3d) za-blest'a 'start to glitter': low inceptive za-.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a3i : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(3i) pro-četa 'read completely': lexical pro-.

Equations

• Istratkova2004.a3i = { ex := Istratkova2004.Examples.ex_3i, stem := Bulgarian.Verbs.cheta, prefixes := [(Bulgarian.Verbs.pro, Svenonius2004.PrefixClass.lexical)] }

def Istratkova2004.a11 : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(11) iz-po-na-raz-pro-dam 'sell completely many things in excess one by one'.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a13a : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(13a) iz-raz-kaža 'narrate completely': completive iz- outside lexical raz-.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a15 : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(15) iz-po-na-kaža: the innermost prefix read as lexical out of context.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a18a : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(18a) raz-pre-pro-dam 'sell again in excess'.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a18b : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(18b) po-pre-pro-dam 'sell again a little bit'.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a19a : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(19a) po-raz-pre-pro-dam: attenuative po- lowering the intensity of raz-.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a19b : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(19b) iz-raz-pre-pro-dam 'completely sell again to the very end'.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a20b : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(20b) na-pre-pro-dam 'sell again a lot of things'.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a20c : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(20c) na-pro-dam 'sell a lot'.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a20d : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(20d) po-na-pro-dam 'sell a little': attenuative po- modifying cumulative na-.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a21a : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(21a) iz-po-na-pro-dam: distributive po- under completive iz-.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a21b : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(21b) iz-po-raz-pro-dam.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a21c : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(21c) iz-po-pre-pro-dam.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a23b : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(23b) po-raz-pro-dam 'sell almost everything'.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a23d : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(23d) po-iz-pro-dam 'sell almost completely'.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a23e : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(23e) po-pro-dam 'sell a little bit'.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a25a : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(25a) do-pro-dam 'finish selling'.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a25b : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(25b) do-pre-pro-dam 'finish selling again'.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a25c : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(25c) do-raz-pre-pro-dam 'finish selling again to the very end'.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a25d : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(25d) do-iz-po-raz-pre-pro-dam 'finish re-selling everything to the end'.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a25e : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(25e) po-do-iz-raz-pro-dam 'almost finish reselling to the end'.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a25g : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(25g) do-peja 'finish singing': low terminative do- on a homogeneous verb.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a26a : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(26a) po-peja 'sing for a while': delimitative po- on a simplex atelic verb.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a27c : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(27c) iz-po-pro-dam 'sell completely one by one'.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a28c : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(28c) iz-po-raz-kaža 'narrate completely one by one'.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a28d : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(28d) iz-po-na-raz-kaža 'narrate completely many stories one by one'.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a29 : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(29) za-iz-po-na-raz-kaža 'start narrating many stories one by one'.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a33a : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(33a) iz-po-pro-četa 'read through completely little by little'.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a34a : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(34a) po-za-peja 'start singing a bit': attenuative po- over low inceptive za-.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a35a : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(35a) iz-po-na-reža 'cut completely into many pieces little by little'.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.attested : List Svenonius2004.Analysis

The attested stacks.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

The starred stacks

def Istratkova2004.s25b : Svenonius2004.Analysis

The starred (25b) pre-do-prodam, segmented pre-do-pro-dam, has repetitive pre- above terminative do-.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.sNaPo : Svenonius2004.Analysis

Table 3 na-po-pro-dam: cumulative na- above po-.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.sRazPo : Svenonius2004.Analysis

Table 3 raz-po-pro-dam: excessive raz- above po-.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.s29 : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(29) without iz-, za-po-na-raz-kaža: inceptive za- above po-.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.sPreNa : Svenonius2004.Analysis

Table 2 pre-na-raz-dam: repetitive pre- above cumulative na-.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.sPoPreNa : Svenonius2004.Analysis

Table 2 po-pre-na-raz-dam.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.starred : List Svenonius2004.Analysis

The starred stacks that reverse two heads of the hierarchy, or place po- below another head without iz- above.

Equations

• Istratkova2004.starred = [Istratkova2004.s25b, Istratkova2004.sNaPo, Istratkova2004.sRazPo, Istratkova2004.s29, Istratkova2004.sPreNa, Istratkova2004.sPoPreNa]

theorem Istratkova2004.attested_wellFormed (a : Svenonius2004.Analysis) : a ∈ attested → WellFormed a.prefixes

Every attested stack is well-formed.

theorem Istratkova2004.starred_not_wellFormed (a : Svenonius2004.Analysis) : a ∈ starred → ¬WellFormed a.prefixes

The starred stacks are ill-formed.

theorem Istratkova2004.starred_distributive_not_wellFormed : ¬WellFormed [(Bulgarian.Verbs.na, Svenonius2004.PrefixClass.superlexical Svenonius2004.SuperlexicalSubtype.cumulative), (Bulgarian.Verbs.po, Svenonius2004.PrefixClass.superlexical Svenonius2004.SuperlexicalSubtype.distributive), (Bulgarian.Verbs.pro, Svenonius2004.PrefixClass.lexical)] ∧ ¬WellFormed [(Bulgarian.Verbs.raz, Svenonius2004.PrefixClass.superlexical Svenonius2004.SuperlexicalSubtype.excessive), (Bulgarian.Verbs.po, Svenonius2004.PrefixClass.superlexical Svenonius2004.SuperlexicalSubtype.distributive), (Bulgarian.Verbs.pro, Svenonius2004.PrefixClass.lexical)] ∧ ¬WellFormed [(Bulgarian.Verbs.za, Svenonius2004.PrefixClass.superlexical Svenonius2004.SuperlexicalSubtype.inceptive), (Bulgarian.Verbs.po, Svenonius2004.PrefixClass.superlexical Svenonius2004.SuperlexicalSubtype.distributive), (Bulgarian.Verbs.na, Svenonius2004.PrefixClass.superlexical Svenonius2004.SuperlexicalSubtype.cumulative), (Bulgarian.Verbs.raz, Svenonius2004.PrefixClass.lexical)]

The starred stacks with po- below another head are ill-formed on the distributive classification too, for want of iz-.