Kubota 2026: outlook management

[Kub26] [KI25] [Cop18] [FB10] [Pot07]

[Kub26]'s analysis of Japanese outlook markers (nanka, dōse, semete, koso, mushiro, …): discourse-sensitive adverbs and focus particles with a two-layered secondary meaning — a presuppositional counterstance requirement plus an expressive-like evaluative stance ([Kub26] §3). The term outlook is [Cop18]'s, whose outlooks replace worlds as circumstances of evaluation for at-issue discretionary content; the term counterstance originates with [KW16]; the two-layered object is the chapter's, and rendering its stance layer as a [Pot05]-style CI tier is this formalisation's bridge onto TwoDimProp. The chapter itself classifies that layer as CI-like while arguing it fails [Pot07]'s independence and nondisplaceability: under attitudes it shifts to the holder like a locally accommodated presupposition ([Hei92]), not by semantic binding of an index. The secondary-meaning diagnostics ([Pot07] (27)) follow the projection typology of [TBRS13].

The handbook chapter is descriptive and defers the formal analysis to its companion [KI25], where the two layers are derived from a counterstance-marker discourse function over a [FB10] Table rather than stipulated; the two-field denotation here is the chapter-level picture, and deriving it from a Table update is the natural follow-up. saltDenotation is a minimal Outlook with prejacent/counterstance stubbed, and counterstance salience is read off the discourse-context features of the data rows. The rival framing is [Gut15]'s use-conditional treatment of counterstance particles (e.g. German doch), where the second layer is use-conditional rather than presuppositional.

The lexical inventory is theory-neutral and lives in Fragments/Japanese/Particles.lean (Japanese.OutlookMarkers); the judgment data ((10), (37)-(46)) in Data/Examples/Kubota2026.json. This file carries the paper's apparatus: the stance classification, the modal selectional restrictions, and the dual-layer denotation.

Main definitions

• Outlook — the two-layered denotation: prejacent, counterstance presupposition, and an outlook-indexed stance layer (an Intension into CI content).
• StanceType — the four evaluative stances ([Kub26] (1)-(2)).
• Marker — the per-particle classification (form + stance + modal compatibility).
• saltDenotation — the Outlook denotation of a nanka/dōse-marked clause ((42)).

Main results

• saltDenotation_not_rigid — perspective shift, derived: the stance layer tracks the outlook (Intension.IsRigid fails), so it shifts to the attitude holder under embedding ((42)), unlike a pure expressive (Outlook.ofTwoDimProp, rigid by construction).
• ciItem_resolve_eq_toTwoDimProp, ciItem_shifts_iff_not_rigid — the outlook index generalizes [HP09]'s orientation variable: a CIItem embeds as an Outlook with trivial counterstance, and the two shift diagnostics coincide.
• outlookMarker_shifts_unlike_expressive, outlookMarker_patterns_with_hardPresup — the diagnostic profile places outlook markers between pure expressives and presupposition triggers ([Pot07] (27)): they perspective-shift unlike expressives, yet pattern with (anaphoric) presuppositions on displaceability and discourse-antecedent need.
• semete_rejects_epistemic, nanka_accepts_all_modals, semete_only_documented_restriction — the modal selectional facts ([Kub26] (45)-(46)).
• felicitous_iff_counterstance_salient — over the (37)-(39) rows, an outlook-marked utterance is felicitous iff the discourse context makes a counterstance salient.
• modal_row_acceptable_iff_compat — over the (45)-(46) rows, acceptability is exactly membership of the row's modal flavor in the marker's modalCompat.

References

[Kub26] [KI25] [Cop18] [KW16] [FB10] [Pot05] [Pot07] [HP09] [TBRS13] [Hei92] [Gut15]

Stance classification

inductive Kubota2026.StanceType : Type

The evaluative stance an outlook marker expresses ([Kub26] (1)-(2)): how the speaker situates the prejacent relative to a salient counterstance.

• negative : StanceType

  Low evaluation ([Kub26]'s term): the prejacent is undesirable or implausible (nanka 'anything like', dōse 'anyway').

• minimum : StanceType

  Minimum standard: the least one could settle for (semete/kurai 'at least').

• contrary : StanceType

  Contrary to expectation (mushiro/kaette 'rather', yoppodo 'much more').

• emphasis : StanceType

  Emphatic confirmation (masani/koso 'precisely').

@[instance_reducible]

instance Kubota2026.instDecidableEqStanceType : DecidableEq StanceType

Equations

• Kubota2026.instDecidableEqStanceType x✝ y✝ = if h : x✝.ctorIdx = y✝.ctorIdx then isTrue ⋯ else isFalse ⋯

@[instance_reducible]

instance Kubota2026.instReprStanceType : Repr StanceType

Equations

• Kubota2026.instReprStanceType = { reprPrec := Kubota2026.instReprStanceType.repr }

def Kubota2026.instReprStanceType.repr : StanceType → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

@[instance_reducible]

instance Kubota2026.instInhabitedStanceType : Inhabited StanceType

Equations

• Kubota2026.instInhabitedStanceType = { default := Kubota2026.instInhabitedStanceType.default }

Modal selectional restrictions

[Kub26] (45)-(46): outlook markers select for modal flavors. Stored as a List ModalFlavor used as a set — a List kernel-reduces under decide (the proofs below and the Examples.all row theorems rely on this), whereas Finset membership does not.

@[reducible, inline]

abbrev Kubota2026.ModalCompatibility : Type

The modal flavors a marker is compatible with (a List used as a set).

Equations

• Kubota2026.ModalCompatibility = List Modality.ModalFlavor

Per-particle classification

structure Kubota2026.Marker : Type

A per-particle classification: the Fragment form plus [Kub26]'s stance and modal selectional restriction.

• form : Japanese.OutlookMarkers.OutlookMarkerForm

  The theory-neutral lexical form, from Fragments/Japanese/Particles.lean.

• stance : StanceType

  The evaluative stance. [Kub26] gives the four StanceTypes ((1)-(2)) but no per-particle table, so the assignment is the formaliser's gloss-based reading.

• modalCompat : ModalCompatibility

  The modal flavors the marker tolerates. Only nanka (all) and semete ([.deontic, .bouletic]) are documented by [Kub26]; see Marker.semete.

@[instance_reducible]

instance Kubota2026.instReprMarker : Repr Marker

Equations

• Kubota2026.instReprMarker = { reprPrec := Kubota2026.instReprMarker.repr }

def Kubota2026.instReprMarker.repr : Marker → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

The stance assignments are the formaliser's gloss-based reading of [Kub26]'s four categories ((1)-(2)); the chapter tabulates none. modalCompat is ModalFlavor.all for every marker except the two [Kub26] documents — nanka (all flavors, (45)) and semete ([.deontic, .bouletic], (46)) — so .all elsewhere is an untested default, not an attested claim of unrestricted selection.

def Kubota2026.Marker.dōse : Marker

dōse 'anyway' — pessimistic outlook ([Kub26] (3a)).

Equations

• Kubota2026.Marker.dōse = { form := Japanese.OutlookMarkers.dōse, stance := Kubota2026.StanceType.negative, modalCompat := Modality.ModalFlavor.all }

def Kubota2026.Marker.shosen : Marker

Equations

• Kubota2026.Marker.shosen = { form := Japanese.OutlookMarkers.shosen, stance := Kubota2026.StanceType.negative, modalCompat := Modality.ModalFlavor.all }

def Kubota2026.Marker.yahari : Marker

yahari 'after all/as expected' — emphatic confirmation of an expectation; [Kub26] (11)-(12) contrast yahari 'as expected' against mushiro 'rather' (contrary), which supports the .emphasis reading.

Equations

• Kubota2026.Marker.yahari = { form := Japanese.OutlookMarkers.yahari, stance := Kubota2026.StanceType.emphasis, modalCompat := Modality.ModalFlavor.all }

def Kubota2026.Marker.kekkyoku : Marker

kekkyoku 'after all/in the end' — conclusive/resignative. [Kub26] gives no per-word stance table (the (1)-(2) groupings are by gloss and source, not stance — note yahari, in the same (1a) group, is emphasis), so this assignment is tentative.

Equations

• Kubota2026.Marker.kekkyoku = { form := Japanese.OutlookMarkers.kekkyoku, stance := Kubota2026.StanceType.emphasis, modalCompat := Modality.ModalFlavor.all }

def Kubota2026.Marker.masani : Marker

Equations

• Kubota2026.Marker.masani = { form := Japanese.OutlookMarkers.masani, stance := Kubota2026.StanceType.emphasis, modalCompat := Modality.ModalFlavor.all }

def Kubota2026.Marker.mushiro : Marker

Equations

• Kubota2026.Marker.mushiro = { form := Japanese.OutlookMarkers.mushiro, stance := Kubota2026.StanceType.contrary, modalCompat := Modality.ModalFlavor.all }

def Kubota2026.Marker.kaette : Marker

Equations

• Kubota2026.Marker.kaette = { form := Japanese.OutlookMarkers.kaette, stance := Kubota2026.StanceType.contrary, modalCompat := Modality.ModalFlavor.all }

def Kubota2026.Marker.yoppodo : Marker

Equations

• Kubota2026.Marker.yoppodo = { form := Japanese.OutlookMarkers.yoppodo, stance := Kubota2026.StanceType.contrary, modalCompat := Modality.ModalFlavor.all }

def Kubota2026.Marker.semete : Marker

semete 'at least' selects deontic/desiderative ordering sources, not epistemic/ability ([Kub26] (46)).

Equations

• Kubota2026.Marker.semete = { form := Japanese.OutlookMarkers.semete, stance := Kubota2026.StanceType.minimum, modalCompat := [Modality.ModalFlavor.deontic, Modality.ModalFlavor.bouletic] }

def Kubota2026.Marker.mashite : Marker

mashite 'let alone, much less' — an a-fortiori scalar marker, arguably the scalar opposite of semete; the .minimum grouping is the weakest stance assignment here.

Equations

• Kubota2026.Marker.mashite = { form := Japanese.OutlookMarkers.mashite, stance := Kubota2026.StanceType.minimum, modalCompat := Modality.ModalFlavor.all }

def Kubota2026.Marker.nanka : Marker

nanka — the prototypical outlook marker; compatible with all flavors, evaluative force varying by flavor ([Kub26] (45)).

Equations

• Kubota2026.Marker.nanka = { form := Japanese.OutlookMarkers.nanka, stance := Kubota2026.StanceType.negative, modalCompat := Modality.ModalFlavor.all }

def Kubota2026.Marker.kurai : Marker

Equations

• Kubota2026.Marker.kurai = { form := Japanese.OutlookMarkers.kurai, stance := Kubota2026.StanceType.minimum, modalCompat := Modality.ModalFlavor.all }

def Kubota2026.Marker.koso : Marker

Equations

• Kubota2026.Marker.koso = { form := Japanese.OutlookMarkers.koso, stance := Kubota2026.StanceType.emphasis, modalCompat := Modality.ModalFlavor.all }

def Kubota2026.Marker.all : List Marker

The classified Japanese outlook markers.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

Modal selection ([Kub26] (45)-(46))

theorem Kubota2026.Marker.semete_rejects_epistemic : Modality.ModalFlavor.epistemic ∉ semete.modalCompat

semete rejects epistemic modals ([Kub26] (46a)).

theorem Kubota2026.Marker.semete_accepts_deontic : Modality.ModalFlavor.deontic ∈ semete.modalCompat

semete accepts deontic modals ([Kub26] (46d)).

theorem Kubota2026.Marker.nanka_accepts_all_modals (f : Modality.ModalFlavor) : f ∈ nanka.modalCompat

nanka accepts every modal flavor (the evaluative force varies; [Kub26] (45)).

theorem Kubota2026.Marker.semete_only_documented_restriction : List.map (fun (x : Marker) => x.form.romaji) (List.filter (fun (m : Marker) => decide (Modality.ModalFlavor.epistemic ∉ m.modalCompat)) all) = ["semete"]

semete is the only marker whose modal restriction [Kub26] documents (via (46)); the other markers carry the .all default, so this is a fact about the classification as recorded here, not a claim that semete is uniquely restricted in Japanese — [Kub26] notes that outlook markers often differ in modal compatibility and gives semete only as an example.

The paper's rows ([Kub26] (10), (37)-(46))

The judgment data live in Data/Examples/Kubota2026.json. The adapters read a row's paperFeatures back into the theory's vocabulary; the theorems restate the paper's generalizations as facts about the rows.

def Kubota2026.markerOf (row : Data.Examples.LinguisticExample) : Option Marker

The row's marker, as classified in Marker.all (by romaji form).

Equations

• Kubota2026.markerOf row = (row.feature? "marker").bind fun (r : String) => List.find? (fun (x : Kubota2026.Marker) => x.form.romaji == r) Kubota2026.Marker.all

def Kubota2026.flavorOf (row : Data.Examples.LinguisticExample) : Option Modality.ModalFlavor

The row's modal flavor, from the modalFlavor feature.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

theorem Kubota2026.felicitous_iff_counterstance_salient (row : Data.Examples.LinguisticExample) : row ∈ Examples.all → row.feature? "phenomenon" = some "counterstance" → (row.judgment = Features.Judgment.acceptable ↔ row.feature? "counterstanceSalient" = some "true")

Counterstance requirement ([Kub26] (37)-(39)): an outlook-marked utterance is felicitous iff the discourse context makes a counterstance salient — (37)/(39)-Q1 follow an evaluative assertion or question, (38)/(39)-Q2 a neutral question.

def Kubota2026.predictedCompat (row : Data.Examples.LinguisticExample) : Option Bool

The theory's prediction for a marker–modal row: the row's flavor lies in the marker's selectional restriction.

Equations

• Kubota2026.predictedCompat row = do let __do_lift ← Kubota2026.flavorOf row let __do_lift_1 ← Kubota2026.markerOf row pure (decide (__do_lift ∈ __do_lift_1.modalCompat))

theorem Kubota2026.modal_row_acceptable_iff_compat (row : Data.Examples.LinguisticExample) : row ∈ Examples.all → row.feature? "phenomenon" = some "modalInteraction" → (row.judgment = Features.Judgment.acceptable ↔ predictedCompat row = some true)

Modal selection over the rows ([Kub26] (45)-(46)): a marker–modal row is acceptable iff the marker's modalCompat contains the row's flavor — the selectional restrictions in Marker are exactly the attested judgment pattern.

Outlook denotation

The two-layered denotation of [Kub26] §3: an at-issue prejacent, a presupposed salient counterstance, and a stance layer indexed by an outlook O. Perspective shift ((42)) is derived: the stance layer is an Intension O (W → Prop), and shiftability is exactly the failure of Intension.IsRigid — a pure expressive is the constant (rigid) family, so it cannot shift.

structure Kubota2026.Outlook (W : Type u_1) (O : Type u_2) : Type (max u_1 u_2)

An outlook-indexed two-layered meaning ([Kub26] §3): at-issue content is shared across outlooks (only the stance layer shifts), so the prejacent is stored once and the stance layer is a function of the outlook.

• prejacent : W → Prop

  At-issue content (the prejacent), outlook-independent.

• counterstance : W → Prop

  Presupposed salient counterstance ([Kub26] (37)-(39)).

• evaluation : Intensional.Intension O (W → Prop)

  Evaluative stance layer, relative to an outlook.

def Kubota2026.Outlook.toPartialProp {W : Type u_1} {O : Type u_2} (m : Outlook W O) : Semantics.Presupposition.PartialProp W

Presuppositional projection: the counterstance is the presupposition, the prejacent the assertion. Outlook-independent.

Equations

• m.toPartialProp = { presup := m.counterstance, assertion := m.prejacent }

@[simp]

theorem Kubota2026.Outlook.toPartialProp_assertion {W : Type u_1} {O : Type u_2} (m : Outlook W O) (a✝ : W) : m.toPartialProp.assertion a✝ = m.prejacent a✝

@[simp]

theorem Kubota2026.Outlook.toPartialProp_presup {W : Type u_1} {O : Type u_2} (m : Outlook W O) (a✝ : W) : m.toPartialProp.presup a✝ = m.counterstance a✝

def Kubota2026.Outlook.toTwoDimProp {W : Type u_1} {O : Type u_2} (m : Outlook W O) (o : O) : Pragmatics.Expressives.TwoDimProp W

Two-dimensional projection at an outlook o: an ordinary TwoDimProp recovered by fixing the perspective.

Equations

• m.toTwoDimProp o = { atIssue := m.prejacent, ci := m.evaluation o }

@[simp]

theorem Kubota2026.Outlook.toTwoDimProp_atIssue {W : Type u_1} {O : Type u_2} (m : Outlook W O) (o : O) (a✝ : W) : (m.toTwoDimProp o).atIssue a✝ = m.prejacent a✝

@[simp]

theorem Kubota2026.Outlook.toTwoDimProp_ci {W : Type u_1} {O : Type u_2} (m : Outlook W O) (o : O) (a✝ : W) : (m.toTwoDimProp o).ci a✝ = m.evaluation o a✝

theorem Kubota2026.Outlook.counterstance_projects_through_neg {W : Type u_1} {O : Type u_2} (m : Outlook W O) : m.toPartialProp.neg.presup = m.counterstance

The counterstance (presupposition) projects through negation — via PartialProp.neg.

theorem Kubota2026.Outlook.ci_projects_through_neg {W : Type u_1} {O : Type u_2} (m : Outlook W O) (o : O) : (m.toTwoDimProp o).neg.ci = m.evaluation o

The stance layer projects through negation at a fixed outlook — via TwoDimProp.neg.

def Kubota2026.Outlook.IsRigid {W : Type u_1} {O : Type u_2} (m : Outlook W O) : Prop

An outlook is rigid when its stance layer ignores the outlook — Intension.IsRigid applied to evaluation. Perspective shift is exactly the failure of this.

Equations

• m.IsRigid = m.evaluation.IsRigid

def Kubota2026.Outlook.ofTwoDimProp {W : Type u_1} {O : Type u_2} (t : Pragmatics.Expressives.TwoDimProp W) : Outlook W O

A TwoDimProp (a pure expressive — a single, speaker-rigid CI) as the constant outlook family — Intension.rigid on the CI tier, with the trivial counterstance.

Equations

• Kubota2026.Outlook.ofTwoDimProp t = { prejacent := t.atIssue, counterstance := fun (x : W) => True, evaluation := Intensional.Intension.rigid t.ci }

@[simp]

theorem Kubota2026.Outlook.ofTwoDimProp_toTwoDimProp {W : Type u_1} {O : Type u_2} (t : Pragmatics.Expressives.TwoDimProp W) (o : O) : (ofTwoDimProp t).toTwoDimProp o = t

theorem Kubota2026.Outlook.ofTwoDimProp_isRigid {W : Type u_1} {O : Type u_2} (t : Pragmatics.Expressives.TwoDimProp W) : (ofTwoDimProp t).IsRigid

Every embedded TwoDimProp is rigid by construction (Intension.rigid_isRigid) — on [Pot05]'s speaker-orientation idealization, a pure expressive does not shift; [HP09] document pragmatic non-speaker orientation even unembedded, so rigidity models the idealization, not an absolute.

Perspective shift, derived

def Kubota2026.saltDenotation : Outlook Unit Bool

[Kub26] (42) (Examples.ex42_perspective_shift): "My advisor thought I wouldn't get into SALT (nanka/dōse)." O := Bool (advisor's pessimistic outlook vs. speaker's confident one); the negative evaluation holds exactly at the pessimistic outlook.

A minimal model: prejacent/counterstance are stubbed to fun _ => True, isolating the outlook-relative evaluation — the only field the perspective-shift result turns on.

Equations

• Kubota2026.saltDenotation = { prejacent := fun (x : Unit) => True, counterstance := fun (x : Unit) => True, evaluation := fun (pessimistic : Bool) (x : Unit) => pessimistic = true }

theorem Kubota2026.saltDenotation_not_rigid : ¬saltDenotation.IsRigid

Perspective shift, derived ([Kub26] (42)): the marker's stance layer is not rigid — it differs across outlooks, so under embedding it shifts to the holder (a local-accommodation pattern, [Hei92]). Routed through Intension.varying_not_rigid; this is the structural fact mirrored by the allowsPerspectiveShift diagnostic (see outlookMarker_shifts_unlike_expressive).

theorem Kubota2026.expressive_rigid (t : Pragmatics.Expressives.TwoDimProp Unit) : (Outlook.ofTwoDimProp t).IsRigid

Contrast: a pure expressive (Outlook.ofTwoDimProp) is rigid — it cannot perspective shift. The difference between this and saltDenotation_not_rigid is the allowsPerspectiveShift diagnostic.

Bridge to [HP09]'s orientation variable

The outlook index generalizes the orientation variable of [HP09] (HarrisPotts2009.CIItem): a CIItem is an Outlook over O := Orientation Person with trivial counterstance, resolution coincides with the two-dimensional projection, and the two accounts' shift diagnostics agree — a non-speaker-oriented reading exists exactly when the embedded outlook is not rigid.

def HarrisPotts2009.CIItem.toOutlook {Person W : Type} (item : CIItem Person W) : Kubota2026.Outlook W (Orientation Person)

A [HP09] CI item as an Outlook over orientations: same at-issue content and orientation-indexed CI, trivial counterstance.

Equations

• item.toOutlook = { prejacent := item.atIssue, counterstance := fun (x : W) => True, evaluation := item.ciFor }

theorem Kubota2026.ciItem_resolve_eq_toTwoDimProp {Person W : Type} (item : HarrisPotts2009.CIItem Person W) (o : HarrisPotts2009.Orientation Person) : item.resolve o = item.toOutlook.toTwoDimProp o

Orientation resolution is the two-dimensional projection of the embedded outlook.

theorem Kubota2026.ciItem_shifts_iff_not_rigid {Person W : Type} (item : HarrisPotts2009.CIItem Person W) : (∃ (o₁ : HarrisPotts2009.Orientation Person) (o₂ : HarrisPotts2009.Orientation Person), item.resolve o₁ ≠ item.resolve o₂) ↔ ¬item.toOutlook.IsRigid

The two shift diagnostics agree: some pair of orientations resolves to different two-dimensional meanings iff the embedded outlook is not rigid.

theorem Kubota2026.saltDenotation_projects (o : Bool) : saltDenotation.toPartialProp.neg.presup = saltDenotation.counterstance ∧ (saltDenotation.toTwoDimProp o).neg.ci = saltDenotation.evaluation o

The counterstance projects through negation (via PartialProp.neg), and the CI tier projects at each outlook (via TwoDimProp.neg) — the dual presupposition/CI projection.

Diagnostic fingerprint ([Pot07] (27))

The [Pot07] six-diagnostic fingerprint (SecondaryMeaningProperties), extended by the two contrasts [Kub26] §3 turns on. Both extensions reify the chapter's prose observations, not entries in [Pot07]'s table; the allowsPerspectiveShift field is the editorial counterpart of the structural saltDenotation_not_rigid above.

structure Kubota2026.OutlookDiagnosticsextends Pragmatics.Expressives.SecondaryMeaningProperties : Type

[Kub26]'s diagnostic profile: [Pot07]'s six diagnostics plus the two contrasts distinguishing outlook markers from pure expressives and pure presupposition triggers.

• independent : Bool
• nondisplaceable : Bool
• perspectiveDependent : Bool
• descriptivelyIneffable : Bool
• immediate : Bool
• repeatable : Bool
• allowsPerspectiveShift : Bool

  Readily receives a shifted (attitude-holder) reading under embedding ([Kub26] (42)) — a local-accommodation pattern ([Hei92]). false records "not readily", not "never": [HP09] document pragmatic non-speaker orientation even for unembedded expressives.

• requiresDiscourseAntecedent : Bool

  Requires a salient issue/counterstance in prior discourse ([Kub26] (37)-(39)).

@[instance_reducible]

instance Kubota2026.instReprOutlookDiagnostics : Repr OutlookDiagnostics

Equations

• Kubota2026.instReprOutlookDiagnostics = { reprPrec := Kubota2026.instReprOutlookDiagnostics.repr }

def Kubota2026.instReprOutlookDiagnostics.repr : OutlookDiagnostics → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Kubota2026.instDecidableEqOutlookDiagnostics.decEq (x✝ x✝¹ : OutlookDiagnostics) : Decidable (x✝ = x✝¹)

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

@[instance_reducible]

instance Kubota2026.instDecidableEqOutlookDiagnostics : DecidableEq OutlookDiagnostics

Equations

• Kubota2026.instDecidableEqOutlookDiagnostics = Kubota2026.instDecidableEqOutlookDiagnostics.decEq

def Kubota2026.outlookMarkerProfile : OutlookDiagnostics

Diagnostic profile of outlook markers ([Kub26] §3): shares descriptive ineffability and immediacy with expressives, but lacks independence and nondisplaceability and allows perspective shift (the structural counterpart is saltDenotation_not_rigid).

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Kubota2026.expressiveDiagnostics : OutlookDiagnostics

A pure expressive's profile: the six [Pot07] diagnostics from the substrate's expressiveProperties, not readily shifted under embedding and needing no discourse antecedent ([Kub26]'s contrast class).

Equations

• Kubota2026.expressiveDiagnostics = { toSecondaryMeaningProperties := Pragmatics.Expressives.expressiveProperties, allowsPerspectiveShift := false, requiresDiscourseAntecedent := false }

def Kubota2026.hardPresupProfile : OutlookDiagnostics

Diagnostic profile of an anaphoric/additive presupposition trigger (mata 'again'), for contrast ([Kub26]'s comparison class). It shares allowsPerspectiveShift with outlook markers — but for a different reason: an ordinary presupposition shifts by local satisfaction in the attitude holder's alternatives ([Hei92]), not by stance-layer non-rigidity.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

theorem Kubota2026.outlookMarker_shifts_unlike_expressive : outlookMarkerProfile.allowsPerspectiveShift ≠ expressiveDiagnostics.allowsPerspectiveShift

Outlook markers perspective-shift, pure expressives do not — the diagnostic that the saltDenotation_not_rigid vs expressive_rigid contrast realizes ([Kub26]; [Pot07]).

theorem Kubota2026.outlookMarker_patterns_with_hardPresup : outlookMarkerProfile.allowsPerspectiveShift = hardPresupProfile.allowsPerspectiveShift ∧ outlookMarkerProfile.requiresDiscourseAntecedent = hardPresupProfile.requiresDiscourseAntecedent

Outlook markers pattern with (anaphoric) presupposition triggers on displaceability and discourse-antecedent need ([Kub26]): the two added diagnostics do not separate them.

theorem Kubota2026.outlookMarker_ineffable_unlike_hardPresup : outlookMarkerProfile.descriptivelyIneffable ≠ hardPresupProfile.descriptivelyIneffable

What does separate outlook markers from presupposition triggers: descriptive ineffability (the expressive-like diagnostic; [Kub26], [Pot07]).