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Linglib.Phenomena.Indefinites.Studies.Haspelmath1997

Haspelmath (1997): Indefinite Pronoun Typology #

@cite{haspelmath-1997} @cite{wals-2013}

Haspelmath, Martin (1997). Indefinite Pronouns. Oxford Studies in Typology and Linguistic Theory. Oxford University Press.

Cross-linguistic indefinite-pronoun survey following @cite{haspelmath-1997}'s 9-function semantic map (specificKnown / specificUnknown / irrealis / question / conditional / comparative / indirectNeg / directNeg / freeChoice). Pulls together a six-language sample of IndefiniteParadigms (each anchored to its Fragment file's per-form data) and proves cross-cutting universals plus WALS bridge theorems verifying that each Fragment's encoded morphological-basis distribution matches the @cite{wals-2013} F46A classification of the same language by ISO 639-3 join.

The substrate (HaspelmathFunction enum + IndefiniteEntry/IndefiniteParadigm structs + MorphologicalBasis + WALS converters) lives in Typology/Indefinite.lean.

Sample #

LanguageISOFormsF46A classSynchretism
Englishengsomeone, somebody, somethinggenericNounBasedAAA
Germandeuirgend-, jemand, etwasmixed(SK gap)
Yakutsahkim ere, kim eme, kim bayarar, kim dainterrogativeABB
Russianruskto-nibud', kto-to, koe-ktointerrogativeABC
Latinlataliquis, quidam(not in WALS)AAB
Kannadakanyāru-oo, yāru-aadaruuinterrogative(SK gap)

The Latin entry has no WALS bridge theorem because Latin is not in WALS F46A's 326-language sample; the morphological-basis encoding is recorded for cross-linguistic comparison anyway.

What this file proves #

  1. Per-language WALS bridge theorems: for each language with a WALS F46A entry, the Fragment-derived F46A classification matches WALS by decide. This is the headline verification — every encoded paradigm independently agrees with the WALS classification.

  2. Cross-linguistic universals: every paradigm in the sample has a non-empty form list; @cite{haspelmath-1997}'s ABA-ban holds on every paradigm whose SK/SU/NS region is fully populated.

source
theorem Phenomena.Indefinites.Studies.Haspelmath1997.yakut_matches_wals_F46A :
Fragments.Yakut.Indefinites.paradigm.toWALS46A = Option.map (fun (x : Data.WALS.Datapoint Data.WALS.F46A.IndefinitePronouns) => x.value) (Data.WALS.Datapoint.lookupISO Data.WALS.F46A.allData "sah")

Yakut: paradigm-derived F46A classification matches WALS. All four forms (kim ere/eme/bayarar/da) use the interrogative kim as their host → derives .interrogativeBased, matching WALS for iso "sah".

source
theorem Phenomena.Indefinites.Studies.Haspelmath1997.english_matches_wals_F46A :
Fragments.English.Indefinites.paradigm.toWALS46A = Option.map (fun (x : Data.WALS.Datapoint Data.WALS.F46A.IndefinitePronouns) => x.value) (Data.WALS.Datapoint.lookupISO Data.WALS.F46A.allData "eng")

English: paradigm-derived F46A classification matches WALS. some- prefix on generic-noun stems (-one, -body, -thing) → .genericNounBased, matching WALS for iso "eng".

source
theorem Phenomena.Indefinites.Studies.Haspelmath1997.german_matches_wals_F46A :
Fragments.German.Indefinites.paradigm.toWALS46A = Option.map (fun (x : Data.WALS.Datapoint Data.WALS.F46A.IndefinitePronouns) => x.value) (Data.WALS.Datapoint.lookupISO Data.WALS.F46A.allData "deu")

German: paradigm-derived F46A classification matches WALS. Two distinct bases (special irgend- + generic-noun jemand/etwas) → .mixed, matching WALS for iso "deu".

source
theorem Phenomena.Indefinites.Studies.Haspelmath1997.russian_matches_wals_F46A :
Fragments.Slavic.Russian.Indefinites.paradigm.toWALS46A = Option.map (fun (x : Data.WALS.Datapoint Data.WALS.F46A.IndefinitePronouns) => x.value) (Data.WALS.Datapoint.lookupISO Data.WALS.F46A.allData "rus")

Russian: paradigm-derived F46A classification matches WALS. All three forms attach to interrogative bases (kto-nibud', kto-to, koe-kto) → .interrogativeBased, matching WALS for iso "rus".

source
theorem Phenomena.Indefinites.Studies.Haspelmath1997.kannada_matches_wals_F46A :
Fragments.Kannada.Indefinites.paradigm.toWALS46A = Option.map (fun (x : Data.WALS.Datapoint Data.WALS.F46A.IndefinitePronouns) => x.value) (Data.WALS.Datapoint.lookupISO Data.WALS.F46A.allData "kan")

Kannada: paradigm-derived F46A classification matches WALS. Both forms attach to interrogative yāru → .interrogativeBased, matching WALS for iso "kan".

source
def Phenomena.Indefinites.Studies.Haspelmath1997.fragmentSample :
List Typology.Indefinite.IndefiniteParadigm

Curated 6-language sample of IndefiniteParadigms for cross-paradigm comparison.

Equations
  • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For

    Per-paradigm syncretism patterns (where the SK/SU/NS region is fully populated). German and Kannada have gaps in this region — their syncretism returns none and is omitted here.

    source
    theorem Phenomena.Indefinites.Studies.Haspelmath1997.english_paradigm_AAA :
    Fragments.English.Indefinites.paradigm.syncretism = some Typology.Indefinite.SyncretismPattern.AAA
    source
    theorem Phenomena.Indefinites.Studies.Haspelmath1997.yakut_paradigm_ABB :
    Fragments.Yakut.Indefinites.paradigm.syncretism = some Typology.Indefinite.SyncretismPattern.ABB
    source
    theorem Phenomena.Indefinites.Studies.Haspelmath1997.latin_paradigm_AAB :
    Fragments.Latin.Indefinites.paradigm.syncretism = some Typology.Indefinite.SyncretismPattern.AAB
    source
    theorem Phenomena.Indefinites.Studies.Haspelmath1997.russian_paradigm_ABC :
    Fragments.Slavic.Russian.Indefinites.paradigm.syncretism = some Typology.Indefinite.SyncretismPattern.ABC