Yakut (Sakha) indefinite pronouns

Yakut builds its indefinite pronouns from an interrogative pronoun and an enclitic particle, four series on kim 'who': kim ere 'somebody' for a referent the speaker has in mind or presupposes; kim eme 'somebody, anybody' for irrealis non-specific reference and in questions and conditionals; kim da 'anybody', with the variant kim dayanï, in affirmative and negative sentences alike, under negation, in comparatives and for free choice; and the generalising kim bayarar 'whoever', on bayar 'want', for free choice. The members are those of Haspelmath's table, each the interrogative followed by the particle; a seventh row of his table, on xaja, has no category and is left out.

References

• [Has97]
• [SM98]

The markers

def Yakut.Indefinites.ere : InterrogativePronoun → IndefinitePronoun

The ere marker follows the interrogative with the particle ere.

Equations

• Yakut.Indefinites.ere = IndefinitePronoun.ofInterrogative fun (x : String) => x ++ " ere"

def Yakut.Indefinites.eme : InterrogativePronoun → IndefinitePronoun

The eme marker follows the interrogative with the particle eme.

Equations

• Yakut.Indefinites.eme = IndefinitePronoun.ofInterrogative fun (x : String) => x ++ " eme"

def Yakut.Indefinites.da : InterrogativePronoun → IndefinitePronoun

The da marker follows the interrogative with the particle da.

Equations

• Yakut.Indefinites.da = IndefinitePronoun.ofInterrogative fun (x : String) => x ++ " da"

def Yakut.Indefinites.bayarar : InterrogativePronoun → IndefinitePronoun

The bayarar marker follows the interrogative with bayarar.

Equations

• Yakut.Indefinites.bayarar = IndefinitePronoun.ofInterrogative fun (x : String) => x ++ " bayarar"

The person row

def Yakut.Indefinites.kimEre : IndefinitePronoun

kim ere 'somebody'.

Equations

• Yakut.Indefinites.kimEre = Yakut.Indefinites.ere Yakut.Pronouns.kim

def Yakut.Indefinites.kimEme : IndefinitePronoun

kim eme 'somebody, anybody'.

Equations

• Yakut.Indefinites.kimEme = Yakut.Indefinites.eme Yakut.Pronouns.kim

def Yakut.Indefinites.kimDa : IndefinitePronoun

kim da 'anybody', with the variant kim dayanï.

Equations

• Yakut.Indefinites.kimDa = Yakut.Indefinites.da Yakut.Pronouns.kim

def Yakut.Indefinites.kimBayarar : IndefinitePronoun

kim bayarar 'whoever'.

Equations

• Yakut.Indefinites.kimBayarar = Yakut.Indefinites.bayarar Yakut.Pronouns.kim

The series

def Yakut.Indefinites.ereSeries : IndefinitePronoun.Series

The ere series.

Equations

• Yakut.Indefinites.ereSeries = { name := "ere", members := Finset.image Yakut.Indefinites.ere Yakut.Pronouns.interrogatives }

def Yakut.Indefinites.emeSeries : IndefinitePronoun.Series

The eme series, which has no member for a manner or a determiner.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Yakut.Indefinites.daSeries : IndefinitePronoun.Series

The da series.

Equations

• Yakut.Indefinites.daSeries = { name := "da", members := Finset.image Yakut.Indefinites.da Yakut.Pronouns.interrogatives }

def Yakut.Indefinites.bayararSeries : IndefinitePronoun.Series

The bayarar series.

Equations

• Yakut.Indefinites.bayararSeries = { name := "bayarar", members := Finset.image Yakut.Indefinites.bayarar Yakut.Pronouns.interrogatives }