Yakut (Sakha) Indefinite Pronouns

[SM98] [Has97] [DH13b]

Yakut indefinites are uniformly built from interrogative pronouns + an enclitic particle. Per [SM98] p. 423, four series:

Form	Gloss	Coverage
kim ere	'somebody (specific)'	SK + SU
kim eme	'somebody, anybody'	NS
kim bayarar	'whoever, every'	FC + conditional
kim da	'anybody (polarity)'	Q + Cond + Comp + IndNeg + DirNeg

-dayanï is a phonological variant of da (S&M p. 423, "kim da or kim dayanï 'anybody'"); not formalized as a separate entry.

Since all four series use the interrogative kim 'who' as their host, the paradigm derives to [DH13b] F46A .interrogativeBased — matching WALS's classification for iso = "sah" (verified in Studies/Haspelmath1997.lean).

The Degano & Aloni 7-type classification of ere and eme (types ii and iii respectively, after [Bub26] Table 1) is theory-side projection — see Semantics/Quantification/DeganoAloni2025.lean. The free-choice and polarity-sensitive series (bayarar, da) fall outside D&A's SK/SU/NS subdivision; their D&A surface-classification is none by design.

def Yakut.Indefinites.ereEntry : Indefinite.IndefinitePronoun

Yakut kim ere: enclitic particle for specific indefinites; covers both specific-known and specific-unknown functions (ABB syncretism). [SM98] p. 423; [Bub26] Table 1 (D&A type ii).

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def Yakut.Indefinites.emeEntry : Indefinite.IndefinitePronoun

Yakut kim eme: enclitic particle for irrealis non-specific indefinites; kim eme 'somebody, anybody'. [SM98] p. 423; [Bub26] Table 1 (D&A type iii).

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def Yakut.Indefinites.bayararEntry : Indefinite.IndefinitePronoun

Yakut kim bayarar: generalizing/free-choice indefinite, kim bayarar 'whoever (s)he may be, every'. Outside D&A's SK/SU/NS subdivision — its surface D&A classification is none. [SM98] p. 423.

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def Yakut.Indefinites.daEntry : Indefinite.IndefinitePronoun

Yakut kim da (~ kim dayanï): polarity-sensitive indefinite, used in both affirmative and negative environments ([SM98] p. 423: 'anybody'). Covers questions, conditionals, comparatives, and both negation regions. Outside D&A's SK/SU/NS subdivision.

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def Yakut.Indefinites.paradigm : Indefinite.IndefiniteParadigm

The Yakut indefinite paradigm: four interrogative-based series.

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theorem Yakut.Indefinites.yakut_paradigm_is_ABB : paradigm.syncretism = some Indefinite.SyncretismPattern.ABB

The SK/SU/NS portion of the paradigm exhibits Haspelmath's ABB syncretism: NS distinct (kim eme), SU + SK coexpressed (kim ere). Derived from the entry forms via classifyTriple.

theorem Yakut.Indefinites.yakut_paradigm_is_interrogativeBased : paradigm.toWALS46A = some Data.WALS.F46A.IndefinitePronouns.interrogativeBased

Yakut's paradigm uses a single morphological basis (interrogative kim) across all four forms, deriving the WALS F46A classification .interrogativeBased. The cross-check against [DH13b] F46A.allData lives in Studies/Haspelmath1997.lean.