Xhosa nouns

Nouns of the class system, each with its gender and the kind of entity it denotes: the lexicon behind the conjoined-subject agreement data of Carstens and of Taraldsen and colleagues, and the deverbal nouns in the nominalizing final vowels -i and -o of Mletshe behind Halpert and Hammerly's stacked class prefixes. Forms are cited with the augment. Class 1a nouns, u-L, u-loliwe 'train', u-nonkala 'crab', are entered in gender 1/2, differing from class 1 only in the nominal prefix.

References

• [Car26]
• [TTML18]
• [Mle19]
• [HH26]

structure Xhosa.Nounextends GenderedNoun Xhosa.Gender : Type

A noun is a gendered entry, whose gender pairs the singular class of its prefix with a plural class, together with the animacy of what it denotes.

• form : String
• gloss : String
• gender : Xhosa.Gender
• naturalGender : Option Gender
• animacy : Reference.Animacy

  The animacy of what the noun denotes.

@[instance_reducible]

instance Xhosa.instDecidableEqNoun : DecidableEq Noun

Equations

• Xhosa.instDecidableEqNoun = Xhosa.instDecidableEqNoun.decEq

def Xhosa.instDecidableEqNoun.decEq (x✝ x✝¹ : Noun) : Decidable (x✝ = x✝¹)

Equations

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def Xhosa.instReprNoun.repr : Noun → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

@[instance_reducible]

instance Xhosa.instReprNoun : Repr Noun

Equations

• Xhosa.instReprNoun = { reprPrec := Xhosa.instReprNoun.repr }

def Xhosa.Nouns.ummi : Noun

ummi 'citizen'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.ummi = { form := "ummi", gloss := "citizen", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderA, animacy := Reference.Animacy.human }

def Xhosa.Nouns.umongameli : Noun

umongameli 'president'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.umongameli = { form := "umongameli", gloss := "president", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderA, animacy := Reference.Animacy.human }

def Xhosa.Nouns.umntwana : Noun

umntwana 'child'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.umntwana = { form := "umntwana", gloss := "child", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderA, animacy := Reference.Animacy.human }

def Xhosa.Nouns.umfazi : Noun

umfazi 'woman'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.umfazi = { form := "umfazi", gloss := "woman", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderA, animacy := Reference.Animacy.human }

def Xhosa.Nouns.uL : Noun

uL 'the letter L'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.uL = { form := "uL", gloss := "the letter L", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderA, animacy := Reference.Animacy.inanimate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.uM : Noun

uM 'the letter M'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.uM = { form := "uM", gloss := "the letter M", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderA, animacy := Reference.Animacy.inanimate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.uloliwe : Noun

uloliwe 'train'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.uloliwe = { form := "uloliwe", gloss := "train", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderA, animacy := Reference.Animacy.inanimate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.umatshini : Noun

umatshini 'machine'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.umatshini = { form := "umatshini", gloss := "machine", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderA, animacy := Reference.Animacy.inanimate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.ubhaka : Noun

ubhaka 'backpack'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.ubhaka = { form := "ubhaka", gloss := "backpack", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderA, animacy := Reference.Animacy.inanimate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.unonkala : Noun

unonkala 'crab'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.unonkala = { form := "unonkala", gloss := "crab", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderA, animacy := Reference.Animacy.animate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.ukrebe : Noun

ukrebe 'shark'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.ukrebe = { form := "ukrebe", gloss := "shark", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderA, animacy := Reference.Animacy.animate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.umgewu : Noun

umgewu 'criminal'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.umgewu = { form := "umgewu", gloss := "criminal", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderB, animacy := Reference.Animacy.human }

def Xhosa.Nouns.umlwelwe : Noun

umlwelwe 'sick person'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.umlwelwe = { form := "umlwelwe", gloss := "sick person", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderB, animacy := Reference.Animacy.human }

def Xhosa.Nouns.umgulukudu : Noun

umgulukudu 'gangster'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.umgulukudu = { form := "umgulukudu", gloss := "gangster", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderB, animacy := Reference.Animacy.human }

def Xhosa.Nouns.umnqwazi : Noun

umnqwazi 'hat'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.umnqwazi = { form := "umnqwazi", gloss := "hat", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderB, animacy := Reference.Animacy.inanimate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.umpu : Noun

umpu 'gun'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.umpu = { form := "umpu", gloss := "gun", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderB, animacy := Reference.Animacy.inanimate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.umhlonyane : Noun

umhlonyane 'wormwood tree'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.umhlonyane = { form := "umhlonyane", gloss := "wormwood tree", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderB, animacy := Reference.Animacy.inanimate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.umnquma : Noun

umnquma 'wild olive'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.umnquma = { form := "umnquma", gloss := "wild olive", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderB, animacy := Reference.Animacy.inanimate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.umkhonto : Noun

umkhonto 'spear'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.umkhonto = { form := "umkhonto", gloss := "spear", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderB, animacy := Reference.Animacy.inanimate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.umbhobho : Noun

umbhobho 'pipe'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.umbhobho = { form := "umbhobho", gloss := "pipe", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderB, animacy := Reference.Animacy.inanimate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.umnqathe : Noun

umnqathe 'carrot'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.umnqathe = { form := "umnqathe", gloss := "carrot", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderB, animacy := Reference.Animacy.inanimate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.umvundla : Noun

umvundla 'rabbit'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.umvundla = { form := "umvundla", gloss := "rabbit", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderB, animacy := Reference.Animacy.animate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.umqhagi : Noun

umqhagi 'rooster'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.umqhagi = { form := "umqhagi", gloss := "rooster", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderB, animacy := Reference.Animacy.animate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.igqwetha : Noun

igqwetha 'lawyer'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.igqwetha = { form := "igqwetha", gloss := "lawyer", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderC, animacy := Reference.Animacy.human }

def Xhosa.Nouns.isela : Noun

isela 'thief'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.isela = { form := "isela", gloss := "thief", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderC, animacy := Reference.Animacy.human }

def Xhosa.Nouns.igorha : Noun

igorha 'hero'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.igorha = { form := "igorha", gloss := "hero", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderC, animacy := Reference.Animacy.human }

def Xhosa.Nouns.ikhoboka : Noun

ikhoboka 'slave'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.ikhoboka = { form := "ikhoboka", gloss := "slave", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderC, animacy := Reference.Animacy.human }

def Xhosa.Nouns.ipolisa : Noun

ipolisa 'policeman'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.ipolisa = { form := "ipolisa", gloss := "policeman", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderC, animacy := Reference.Animacy.human }

def Xhosa.Nouns.iqanda : Noun

iqanda 'egg'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.iqanda = { form := "iqanda", gloss := "egg", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderC, animacy := Reference.Animacy.inanimate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.icepe : Noun

icepe 'spoon'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.icepe = { form := "icepe", gloss := "spoon", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderC, animacy := Reference.Animacy.inanimate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.ilitye : Noun

ilitye 'stone'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.ilitye = { form := "ilitye", gloss := "stone", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderC, animacy := Reference.Animacy.inanimate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.icici : Noun

icici 'earring'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.icici = { form := "icici", gloss := "earring", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderC, animacy := Reference.Animacy.inanimate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.ihobe : Noun

ihobe 'dove'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.ihobe = { form := "ihobe", gloss := "dove", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderC, animacy := Reference.Animacy.animate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.isibane : Noun

isibane 'lamp'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.isibane = { form := "isibane", gloss := "lamp", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderD, animacy := Reference.Animacy.inanimate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.isitya : Noun

isitya 'dish'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.isitya = { form := "isitya", gloss := "dish", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderD, animacy := Reference.Animacy.inanimate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.isiXhosa : Noun

isiXhosa 'Xhosa'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.isiXhosa = { form := "isiXhosa", gloss := "Xhosa", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderD, animacy := Reference.Animacy.inanimate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.isiZulu : Noun

isiZulu 'Zulu'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.isiZulu = { form := "isiZulu", gloss := "Zulu", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderD, animacy := Reference.Animacy.inanimate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.isanuse : Noun

isanuse 'diviner'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.isanuse = { form := "isanuse", gloss := "diviner", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderD, animacy := Reference.Animacy.human }

def Xhosa.Nouns.isazi : Noun

isazi 'scholar'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.isazi = { form := "isazi", gloss := "scholar", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderD, animacy := Reference.Animacy.human }

def Xhosa.Nouns.isangoma : Noun

isangoma 'healer'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.isangoma = { form := "isangoma", gloss := "healer", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderD, animacy := Reference.Animacy.human }

def Xhosa.Nouns.isibhanxa : Noun

isibhanxa 'fool'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.isibhanxa = { form := "isibhanxa", gloss := "fool", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderD, animacy := Reference.Animacy.human }

def Xhosa.Nouns.isikhova : Noun

isikhova 'owl'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.isikhova = { form := "isikhova", gloss := "owl", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderD, animacy := Reference.Animacy.animate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.intombi : Noun

intombi 'girl'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.intombi = { form := "intombi", gloss := "girl", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderE, animacy := Reference.Animacy.human }

def Xhosa.Nouns.imbongi : Noun

imbongi 'poet'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.imbongi = { form := "imbongi", gloss := "poet", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderE, animacy := Reference.Animacy.human }

def Xhosa.Nouns.ingcaphephe : Noun

ingcaphephe 'expert'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.ingcaphephe = { form := "ingcaphephe", gloss := "expert", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderE, animacy := Reference.Animacy.human }

def Xhosa.Nouns.ingcali : Noun

ingcali 'specialist'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.ingcali = { form := "ingcali", gloss := "specialist", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderE, animacy := Reference.Animacy.human }

def Xhosa.Nouns.incwadi : Noun

incwadi 'book'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.incwadi = { form := "incwadi", gloss := "book", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderE, animacy := Reference.Animacy.inanimate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.ipeni : Noun

ipeni 'pen'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.ipeni = { form := "ipeni", gloss := "pen", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderE, animacy := Reference.Animacy.inanimate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.indlovu : Noun

indlovu 'elephant'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.indlovu = { form := "indlovu", gloss := "elephant", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderE, animacy := Reference.Animacy.animate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.ingwe : Noun

ingwe 'leopard'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.ingwe = { form := "ingwe", gloss := "leopard", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderE, animacy := Reference.Animacy.animate }

Deverbal nouns

Nominalizations of thiml- 'sneeze' and khohlel- 'cough' ([Mle19]): the final vowel -i forms animate nouns, in class 1 or class 7, and -o and -a inanimate ones.

def Xhosa.Nouns.umthimli : Noun

umthimli 'sneezer'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.umthimli = { form := "umthimli", gloss := "sneezer", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderA, animacy := Reference.Animacy.human }

def Xhosa.Nouns.umthimlo : Noun

umthimlo 'manner of sneezing'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.umthimlo = { form := "umthimlo", gloss := "manner of sneezing", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderB, animacy := Reference.Animacy.inanimate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.isithimli : Noun

isithimli 'severe sneezer'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.isithimli = { form := "isithimli", gloss := "severe sneezer", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderD, animacy := Reference.Animacy.human }

def Xhosa.Nouns.umkhohleli : Noun

umkhohleli 'coughing person'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.umkhohleli = { form := "umkhohleli", gloss := "coughing person", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderA, animacy := Reference.Animacy.human }

def Xhosa.Nouns.isikhohleli : Noun

isikhohleli 'coughing person'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.isikhohleli = { form := "isikhohleli", gloss := "coughing person", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderD, animacy := Reference.Animacy.human }

def Xhosa.Nouns.isikhohlela : Noun

isikhohlela 'phlegm'.

Equations

• Xhosa.Nouns.isikhohlela = { form := "isikhohlela", gloss := "phlegm", gender := Xhosa.Gender.genderD, animacy := Reference.Animacy.inanimate }

def Xhosa.Nouns.all : List Noun

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.