Uyghur clausal embedding

Uyghur (Turkic, ISO 639-3 uig) embeds a clause under a verb in two ways. A participial clause, V-PTPL-lik-POSS-CASE, is a nominalization: its subject is genitive, and it bears possessive agreement and case. A finite clause is followed by dep, the converb in -(I)p of de- 'say'; the same suffix links any clause to the clause it modifies. Main-verb de- takes a finite clause with no linker, a noun phrase or a participial clause, and cannot go without a complement, where warqira- 'scream' takes none. The light verbs qil- 'do, make' and bol- 'become' form a transitive and an unaccusative predicate with the same noun or adjective.

The verbs are recorded with the complements they take as main verbs. dep has no entry: whether it is a complementizer or the converb of the verb is the question of Studies/Major2024.lean. Forms are in the standard Latin orthography, a verb's form is its stem, and I is the harmonizing high vowel of the converb suffix.

References

• [Maj24]
• [Maj21]
• [Sug19]

Clause-linking suffixes

def Uyghur.ip : Complementizer

-(I)p is the converb suffix, borne by the verb of a clause that modifies another clause.

Equations

• Uyghur.ip = { morphs := [Morphology.Morph.suff "(I)p"], verbForm := some UD.VerbForm.Conv }

def Uyghur.lik : Complementizer

-lik is the suffix of a participial clause, between the participle and the possessive agreement.

Equations

• Uyghur.lik = { morphs := [Morphology.Morph.suff "lik"], coding := some Complement.Coding.nominalized }

def Uyghur.participialFrame : ArgumentFrame

A verb that takes a participial clause has this frame, the subject of the clause genitive.

Equations

• Uyghur.participialFrame = ArgumentFrame.typedBy Uyghur.lik (some (Clause.EmbeddedSubject.overt (some Case.gen)))

Verbs

def Uyghur.de : Verb

de- 'say', which reports an act of speaking or only the source of some content; its complement is obligatory.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Uyghur.oyla : Verb

oyla- 'think'.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Uyghur.bil : Verb

bil- 'know'.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Uyghur.unut : Verb

unut- 'forget'.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Uyghur.eyt : Verb

éyt- 'tell'.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Uyghur.warqira : Verb

warqira- 'scream', unergative.

Equations

• Uyghur.warqira = { valency := Verb.Valency.ofFrame ArgumentFrame.intransitive, voiceType := some VoiceType.agentive, morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root "warqira"] }

def Uyghur.ket : Verb

ket- 'leave', unaccusative.

Equations

• Uyghur.ket = { valency := Verb.Valency.ofFrame ArgumentFrame.intransitive, voiceType := some VoiceType.nonThematic, morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root "ket"] }

def Uyghur.ye : Verb

ye- 'eat'.

Equations

• Uyghur.ye = { valency := Verb.Valency.ofFrame ArgumentFrame.np, voiceType := some VoiceType.agentive, morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root "ye"] }

def Uyghur.qil : Verb

The light verb qil- 'do, make', transitive: söz qil- 'speak', éniq qil- 'make clear'.

Equations

• Uyghur.qil = { valency := Verb.Valency.ofFrame ArgumentFrame.np, voiceType := some VoiceType.agentive, morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root "qil"] }

def Uyghur.bol : Verb

The light verb bol- 'become', unaccusative: söz bol- 'there be speaking', éniq bol- 'become clear'.

Equations

• Uyghur.bol = { valency := Verb.Valency.ofFrame ArgumentFrame.intransitive, voiceType := some VoiceType.nonThematic, morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root "bol"] }

def Uyghur.verbs : List Verb

verbs lists the verbs recorded here.

Equations

• Uyghur.verbs = [Uyghur.de, Uyghur.oyla, Uyghur.bil, Uyghur.unut, Uyghur.eyt, Uyghur.warqira, Uyghur.ket, Uyghur.ye, Uyghur.qil, Uyghur.bol]

def Uyghur.converb (v : Verb) : List Morphology.Morph

The converb of a verb is its stem under -(I)p, as de-p 'saying' and oyla-p 'thinking'.

Equations

• Uyghur.converb v = v.morphs ++ Uyghur.ip.morphs