Tigre phonology

This file defines the 26 consonants and seven vowels of Tigre, as in PHOIBLE's inventory 576, as segments named by their IPA symbols, with feature values from the PHOIBLE chart, and the verbal roots of [FL26]'s Tigre paradigms as roots of those segments. The inventory's coronal stops and nasal are dental. The vowels are the six full qualities and the weak [ɨ] that Faust and Lampitelli give Tigre as they give Tigrinya: inventory 576 instead lists the full vowels as long and gives its two central vowels, ə and ɜ, the same feature values. Faust and Lampitelli write the ejectives with a superscript ʔ or ʕ; their kˀ is /kʼ/, their tˀ and tˁ are /tʼ/, and their sˁ is /tsʼ/, the inventory's one ejective sibilant.

Main definitions

• b, d̠ʒ, …, ʕ: the consonants, and consonants, the set of them.
• a, ʌ, …, ɨ: the vowels, and vowels, the set of them.

Main results

• tig_phonemes_map: the consonants are the segments of inventory 576's consonants.

References

• [MMcC19]
• [Raz83]
• [LP88]
• [FL26]

def Tigre.Phonology.b : Phonology.Segment

The voiced bilabial stop /b/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.b = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.b

def Tigre.Phonology.«d̠ʒ» : Phonology.Segment

The voiced postalveolar affricate /d̠ʒ/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.«d̠ʒ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«d̠ʒ»

def Tigre.Phonology.d : Phonology.Segment

The voiced dental stop /d/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.d = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«d̪»

def Tigre.Phonology.f : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless labiodental fricative /f/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.f = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.f

def Tigre.Phonology.h : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless glottal fricative /h/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.h = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.h

def Tigre.Phonology.j : Phonology.Segment

The palatal glide /j/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.j = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.j

def Tigre.Phonology.k : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless velar stop /k/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.k = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.k

def Tigre.Phonology.«kʼ» : Phonology.Segment

The velar ejective /kʼ/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.«kʼ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«kʼ»

def Tigre.Phonology.l : Phonology.Segment

The alveolar lateral /l/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.l = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.l

def Tigre.Phonology.m : Phonology.Segment

The bilabial nasal /m/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.m = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.m

def Tigre.Phonology.n : Phonology.Segment

The dental nasal /n/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.n = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«n̪»

def Tigre.Phonology.r : Phonology.Segment

The alveolar trill /r/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.r = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.r

def Tigre.Phonology.s : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless alveolar fricative /s/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.s = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.s

def Tigre.Phonology.«tsʼ» : Phonology.Segment

The alveolar ejective affricate /tsʼ/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.«tsʼ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«tsʼ»

def Tigre.Phonology.«t̠ʃ» : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless postalveolar affricate /t̠ʃ/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.«t̠ʃ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«t̠ʃ»

def Tigre.Phonology.«t̠ʃʼ» : Phonology.Segment

The postalveolar ejective affricate /t̠ʃʼ/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.«t̠ʃʼ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«t̠ʃʼ»

def Tigre.Phonology.t : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless dental stop /t/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.t = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«t̪»

def Tigre.Phonology.«tʼ» : Phonology.Segment

The dental ejective /tʼ/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.«tʼ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«t̪ʼ»

def Tigre.Phonology.w : Phonology.Segment

The labial-velar glide /w/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.w = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.w

def Tigre.Phonology.z : Phonology.Segment

The voiced alveolar fricative /z/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.z = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.z

def Tigre.Phonology.ħ : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless pharyngeal fricative /ħ/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.ħ = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.ħ

def Tigre.Phonology.«ɡ» : Phonology.Segment

The voiced velar stop /ɡ/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.«ɡ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«ɡ»

def Tigre.Phonology.«ʃ» : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless postalveolar fricative /ʃ/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.«ʃ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«ʃ»

def Tigre.Phonology.«ʒ» : Phonology.Segment

The voiced postalveolar fricative /ʒ/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.«ʒ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«ʒ»

def Tigre.Phonology.«ʔ» : Phonology.Segment

The glottal stop /ʔ/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.«ʔ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«ʔ»

def Tigre.Phonology.«ʕ» : Phonology.Segment

The voiced pharyngeal fricative /ʕ/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.«ʕ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«ʕ»

def Tigre.Phonology.consonants : Finset Phonology.Segment

The consonants of Tigre.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Tigre.Phonology.a : Phonology.Segment

The open front vowel /a/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.a = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.a

def Tigre.Phonology.«ʌ» : Phonology.Segment

The open-mid back unrounded vowel /ʌ/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.«ʌ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«ʌ»

def Tigre.Phonology.i : Phonology.Segment

The close front vowel /i/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.i = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.i

def Tigre.Phonology.u : Phonology.Segment

The close back vowel /u/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.u = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.u

def Tigre.Phonology.e : Phonology.Segment

The close-mid front vowel /e/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.e = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.e

def Tigre.Phonology.o : Phonology.Segment

The close-mid back vowel /o/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.o = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.o

def Tigre.Phonology.«ɨ» : Phonology.Segment

The close central vowel, the weak vowel /ɨ/.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.«ɨ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«ɨ»

def Tigre.Phonology.vowels : Finset Phonology.Segment

The vowels of Tigre.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

theorem Tigre.Phonology.tig_phonemes_map : List.map (fun (x : Data.PHOIBLE.Phoneme) => Phonology.Segment.ofChart x.features) (List.filter (fun (x : Data.PHOIBLE.Phoneme) => decide (x.features Data.PHOIBLE.Feature.syllabic = some false)) Data.PHOIBLE.Inventories.Tigre.tig.phonemes) = [b, «d̠ʒ», d, f, h, j, k, «kʼ», l, m, n, r, s, «tsʼ», «t̠ʃ», «t̠ʃʼ», t, «tʼ», w, z, ħ, «ɡ», «ʃ», «ʒ», «ʔ», «ʕ»]

The consonants, in the order of PHOIBLE's inventory 576, are the segments of its nonsyllabic phonemes.

Verbal roots

def Tigre.Phonology.weigh : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√mzn 'weigh' gives [tɨ-mazzɨn] 2-JUSS and [mazzɨn] IMP.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.weigh = { segments := [Tigre.Phonology.m, Tigre.Phonology.z, Tigre.Phonology.n] }

def Tigre.Phonology.leave : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√fgr 'leave' gives [fagr-a] PRF-3MSG, [tɨ-fgʌr] 2-JUSS and [fɨgʌr] IMP.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.leave = { segments := [Tigre.Phonology.f, Tigre.Phonology.«ɡ», Tigre.Phonology.r] }

def Tigre.Phonology.wash : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√ħtˁb 'wash' gives [ħatˁb-a] PRF-3MSG and [tɨ-ħɨtˁʌb] 2-JUSS.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.wash = { segments := [Tigre.Phonology.ħ, Tigre.Phonology.«tʼ», Tigre.Phonology.b] }

def Tigre.Phonology.flee : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√hrb 'flee' gives [harb-a] PRF-3MSG; the 2-JUSS is printed [tɨ-ħɨrʌb].

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.flee = { segments := [Tigre.Phonology.h, Tigre.Phonology.r, Tigre.Phonology.b] }

def Tigre.Phonology.getUp : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√kˀnsˁ 'get up' gives [tɨ-kˀnʌsˁ] 2-JUSS and [kˀɨnʌsˁ] IMP.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.getUp = { segments := [Tigre.Phonology.«kʼ», Tigre.Phonology.n, Tigre.Phonology.«tsʼ»] }

def Tigre.Phonology.whip : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√fgr 'whip' gives [tɨ-fʌggɨr] 2-IMP.M.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.whip = { segments := [Tigre.Phonology.f, Tigre.Phonology.«ɡ», Tigre.Phonology.r] }

def Tigre.Phonology.ask : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√sʔl 'ask' gives [tɨ-sʔɨl] 2-IMP.M.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.ask = { segments := [Tigre.Phonology.s, Tigre.Phonology.«ʔ», Tigre.Phonology.l] }

def Tigre.Phonology.load : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√tˀʕn 'load' gives [tɨ-tˀʕɨn] 2-IMP.M.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.load = { segments := [Tigre.Phonology.«tʼ», Tigre.Phonology.«ʕ», Tigre.Phonology.n] }

def Tigre.Phonology.uncover : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√sħk 'uncover' gives [tɨ-sħɨk] 2-IMP.M.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.uncover = { segments := [Tigre.Phonology.s, Tigre.Phonology.ħ, Tigre.Phonology.k] }

def Tigre.Phonology.pull : Morphology.ConsonantalRoot Phonology.Segment

√sħb 'pull' gives [tɨ-sħɨb] 2-IMP.M.

Equations

• Tigre.Phonology.pull = { segments := [Tigre.Phonology.s, Tigre.Phonology.ħ, Tigre.Phonology.b] }