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Linglib.Fragments.Nungon.Clause

Nungon medial clauses #

Nungon (Finisterre, Trans-New Guinea; Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea) chains medial clauses before a single final verb, and a medial verb consists of a dependent stem, the verb root with -ŋ after a vowel, and the medial suffix -a. A same-subject medial verb carries nothing else, wii-ŋ-a 'combing' and eer-a 'inserting'. A different-subject medial verb carries, between the root and -a, a subject desinence from a set distinct from the tensed final-verb desinences and similar to those of the contrafactual and the imperative: -wa, -i, -un in the singular, -ra and -uny in the dual and -na and -u in the plural, second and third person falling together outside the singular, so tɔ-wa-ya 'I doing'. The medial verb itself does not distinguish sequence from simultaneity; an ongoing event is expressed by the same-subject medial verb followed by it- 'be' in a progressive construction, and completion before the next event by the perfect, the same-subject medial verb followed by a second word inflected for person and number, mɔraina, mina, muna in the singular, which is used whether or not the subject changes. Medial clauses carry no tense, mood or aspect of their own. Medial clauses occur on their own, and chains are bridged by recapitulative and by summary linkage.

Main definitions #

Implementation notes #

The clause-chaining typology over these forms is in Studies/SarvasyAikhenvald2025.lean.

References #

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def Nungon.medialSuffix :
Morphology.Morph

-a, the medial verb suffix, -ya after a vowel.

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    def Nungon.dependentStemSuffix :
    Morphology.Morph

    -ŋ, which a vowel-final root takes to form the dependent stem.

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      def Nungon.dsDesinence :
      Person → Number → Option Morphology.Morph

      The different-subject desinences after a vowel-final root, second and third person syncretic in the dual and the plural.

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        def Nungon.perfect :
        Person → Number → Option Morphology.Morph

        The perfect forms, the second word of the perfect construction, second and third person syncretic in the dual and the plural.

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          inductive Nungon.Medial :
          Type

          The medial forms.

          • ss : Medial

            The same-subject medial verb, the dependent stem with -a.

          • ds : Medial

            The different-subject medial verb, a subject desinence before -a.

          • perfect : Medial

            The perfect, the same-subject medial verb followed by a perfect form, used with the same or a different subject.

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            @[instance_reducible]
            instance Nungon.instDecidableEqMedial :
            DecidableEq Medial
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            def Nungon.instReprMedial.repr :
            Medial → ℕ → Std.Format
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              @[instance_reducible]
              instance Nungon.instReprMedial :
              Repr Medial
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              @[instance_reducible]
              instance Nungon.instFintypeMedial :
              Fintype Medial
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              def Nungon.Medial.morphs :
              Medial → Person → Number → List Morphology.Morph

              The morphs after the dependent stem for a subject of the given person and number; the same-subject form does not vary.

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                def Nungon.Medial.sr :
                Medial → Option Clause.Chaining.SwitchReference

                The switch-reference value a form carries; none for the perfect.

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                  def Nungon.Medial.relations :
                  Medial → Finset Clause.Chaining.InterclauseRelation

                  The interclausal relations a form encodes, which for the perfect is completion before the next event and for the other two none.

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                    def Nungon.Medial.IndexesSubject (m : Medial) :
                    Prop

                    The form carries a subject desinence.

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                      @[instance_reducible]
                      instance Nungon.Medial.instDecidablePredIndexesSubject :
                      DecidablePred IndexesSubject
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                      @[instance_reducible]
                      instance Nungon.Medial.instMedialForm :
                      Clause.Chaining.MedialForm Medial
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