Mandarin Predicate Lexicon Fragment

[QOR+25] [Gla25]

Mandarin predicates relevant to [QOR+25]. Properties like C-distributivity and NVP class are DERIVED from the attitude field.

structure Mandarin.Predicates.MandarinVerbEntryextends Verb : Type

Mandarin verb entry: extends Verb with no inflectional morphology (Mandarin is an isolating language).

• frames : List Frame
• subjectEntailments : Option ArgumentStructure.EntailmentProfile
• objectEntailments : Option ArgumentStructure.EntailmentProfile
• unaccusative : Bool
• voiceType : Option VoiceType
• passivizable : Bool
• implicitObj : Option ImplicitInterp
• implicitGoal : Option ImplicitInterp
• vendlerClass : Option Features.VendlerClass
• degreeAchievementScale : Option Features.DegreeAchievement.DegreeAchievementScale
• verbIncClass : Option Semantics.Aspect.Incremental.VerbIncClass
• cosType : Option Features.ChangeOfState.CoSType
• presupType : Option PresupTriggerType
• projectionBehavior : Option ProjectionBehavior
• implicative : Option Features.Implicative
• causative : Option Features.Causative
• causalSource : Option Causation.Psych.CausalSource
• opaqueContext : Bool
• attitude : Option Features.Attitude
• readings : List Reading
• takesQuestionBase : Bool
• complementSig : Option NaturalLogic.EntailmentSig
• levinClass : Option Semantics.Lexical.LevinClass
• root : Root
• form : String
• speechActVerb : Bool
• senseTag : SenseTag

@[implicit_reducible]

instance Mandarin.Predicates.instReprMandarinVerbEntry : Repr MandarinVerbEntry

Equations

• Mandarin.Predicates.instReprMandarinVerbEntry = { reprPrec := Mandarin.Predicates.instReprMandarinVerbEntry.repr }

def Mandarin.Predicates.instReprMandarinVerbEntry.repr : MandarinVerbEntry → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

@[implicit_reducible]

instance Mandarin.Predicates.instBEqMandarinVerbEntry : BEq MandarinVerbEntry

Equations

• Mandarin.Predicates.instBEqMandarinVerbEntry = { beq := Mandarin.Predicates.instBEqMandarinVerbEntry.beq }

def Mandarin.Predicates.instBEqMandarinVerbEntry.beq : MandarinVerbEntry → MandarinVerbEntry → Bool

Equations

• Mandarin.Predicates.instBEqMandarinVerbEntry.beq { toVerb := a } { toVerb := b } = (a == b)
• Mandarin.Predicates.instBEqMandarinVerbEntry.beq x✝¹ x✝ = false

def Mandarin.Predicates.MandarinVerbEntry.mk' (core : Verb) : MandarinVerbEntry

Smart constructor: sets only the citation form (no inflection).

Equations

• Mandarin.Predicates.MandarinVerbEntry.mk' core = { toVerb := core }

def Mandarin.Predicates.qidai : MandarinVerbEntry

期待 "qidai" — look forward to (Class 1: positive, non-C-distributive, takes questions).

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Mandarin.Predicates.danxin : MandarinVerbEntry

担心 "danxin" — worry (Class 1: negative, non-C-distributive).

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Mandarin.Predicates.xiwang : MandarinVerbEntry

希望 "xiwang" — hope (Class 3: positive, C-distributive, anti-rogative).

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Mandarin.Predicates.haipa : MandarinVerbEntry

害怕 "haipa" — fear (Class 2: negative, C-distributive, takes questions).

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Mandarin.Predicates.yiwei : MandarinVerbEntry

以为 "yǐwéi" — be under the impression that.

A nonveridical doxastic attitude. [Gla25] analyzes its weak contrafactive postsupposition (◇¬p, not derivable from veridicality alone); that paper-specific apparatus lives in Glass2025, not on this entry.

Equations

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Liu & Yip 2026 complement-taking predicates

Seven additional Mandarin CTPs cited by [LY26] (lists in (18) and (19)) for the you-skipping pattern. Theory-light: only consensus typology — surface form, finite vs nonfinite complement selection, and [Noo07] CTPClass. The [+D] / [-D] selectional refinement within nonfinite TPs (Lin & Liu 2009) is theory-laden and lives in Studies/LiuYip2026.lean as a Studies-side projection per the audit's "derive don't stipulate" discipline.

def Mandarin.Predicates.xiang : MandarinVerbEntry

想 xiang 'want' — desiderative; nonfinite-taking. Liu & Yip 2026 (18).

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Mandarin.Predicates.rang : MandarinVerbEntry

让 rang 'let' — manipulative; nonfinite-taking. Liu & Yip 2026 (18).

Equations

• Mandarin.Predicates.rang = Mandarin.Predicates.MandarinVerbEntry.mk' { frames := [Frame.infinitival], passivizable := false, form := "rang" }

def Mandarin.Predicates.xiangxin : MandarinVerbEntry

相信 xiangxin 'believe' — propositional attitude; finite-taking (CP-only). Liu & Yip 2026 (19) — blocks you-skipping.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Mandarin.Predicates.quan : MandarinVerbEntry

劝 quan 'urge' — manipulative; nonfinite-taking. Liu & Yip 2026 (18).

Equations

• Mandarin.Predicates.quan = Mandarin.Predicates.MandarinVerbEntry.mk' { frames := [Frame.infinitival], form := "quan" }

def Mandarin.Predicates.bi : MandarinVerbEntry

逼 bi 'force' — manipulative; nonfinite-taking. Liu & Yip 2026 (18) (listed as bi(po)).

Equations

• Mandarin.Predicates.bi = Mandarin.Predicates.MandarinVerbEntry.mk' { frames := [Frame.infinitival], form := "bi" }

def Mandarin.Predicates.dasuan : MandarinVerbEntry

打算 dasuan 'plan' — desiderative; nonfinite-taking. Liu & Yip 2026 (18). Liu & Yip Appendix A discusses dasuan's ambiguity between Type II (TP) and Type III (vP) selection.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Mandarin.Predicates.shefa : MandarinVerbEntry

设法 shefa 'try' — achievement; nonfinite-taking. Liu & Yip 2026 (18). [Noo07] classifies 'try' under the achievement CTP class.

Equations

• Mandarin.Predicates.shefa = Mandarin.Predicates.MandarinVerbEntry.mk' { frames := [Frame.infinitival], passivizable := false, form := "shefa" }

def Mandarin.Predicates.allVerbs : List MandarinVerbEntry

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• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Mandarin.Predicates.lookup (form : String) : Option MandarinVerbEntry

Equations

• Mandarin.Predicates.lookup form = List.find? (fun (x : Mandarin.Predicates.MandarinVerbEntry) => x.form == form) Mandarin.Predicates.allVerbs

Drift sentries on the Liu&Yip2026 cohort

theorem Mandarin.Predicates.liuyip_partition : ([xiang, rang, quan, bi, dasuan, shefa].all fun (x : MandarinVerbEntry) => decide (x.complementType = ComplementType.infinitival)) = true ∧ xiangxin.complementType = ComplementType.finiteClause

The seven Liu & Yip 2026 predicates split into 6 nonfinite-takers (allow you-skipping per (18)) and 1 finite-taker (blocks it per (19)).