Latvian pronouns

The interrogative pronouns kas 'who, what', kurš 'who, which' and kāds 'what, what kind', with the interrogative pro-adverbs kur 'where', kad 'when' and kā 'how', each by the ontological category it asks about: kas asks about persons and things alike, and kurš and kāds are determiners. They are the bases of the indefinite series of Latvian.Indefinites. The emphatic pronoun pats 'self', feminine pati, inflects for case, number and gender on a stem pat- ~ paš-.

Implementation notes

The forms of pats are segmented into stem and ending as [KL21] give them; the instrumental is the form the preposition ar 'with' governs.

References

• [Has97]
• [KL21]

Interrogative pronouns

def Latvian.Pronouns.kasPerson : InterrogativePronoun

kas 'who', asking about a person.

Equations

• Latvian.Pronouns.kasPerson = { form := "kas", ontology := Pronoun.OntologicalCategory.person }

def Latvian.Pronouns.kasThing : InterrogativePronoun

kas 'what', the same form asking about a thing.

Equations

• Latvian.Pronouns.kasThing = { form := "kas", ontology := Pronoun.OntologicalCategory.thing }

def Latvian.Pronouns.kur : InterrogativePronoun

kur 'where'.

Equations

• Latvian.Pronouns.kur = { form := "kur", ontology := Pronoun.OntologicalCategory.place }

def Latvian.Pronouns.kad : InterrogativePronoun

kad 'when'.

Equations

• Latvian.Pronouns.kad = { form := "kad", ontology := Pronoun.OntologicalCategory.time }

def Latvian.Pronouns.kā : InterrogativePronoun

kā 'how'.

Equations

• Latvian.Pronouns.kā = { form := "kā", ontology := Pronoun.OntologicalCategory.manner }

def Latvian.Pronouns.kāds : InterrogativePronoun

kāds 'what, what kind', a determiner.

Equations

• Latvian.Pronouns.kāds = { form := "kāds", ontology := Pronoun.OntologicalCategory.determiner }

def Latvian.Pronouns.kurš : InterrogativePronoun

kurš 'which, who', a determiner, asking about a member of a known set.

Equations

• Latvian.Pronouns.kurš = { form := "kurš", ontology := Pronoun.OntologicalCategory.determiner }

The emphatic pronoun

def Latvian.Pronouns.pats : Case → Number → Gender → Option (List Morphology.Morph)

The emphatic pronoun pats 'self', feminine pati, as stem and ending in each case, number and gender ([KL21], Table 2.21); none in the vocative and outside the two numbers and the two genders.

Equations

• Latvian.Pronouns.pats Latvian.Case.nom Number.singular Gender.masculine = some [Morphology.Morph.root "pat", Morphology.Morph.suff "s"]
• Latvian.Pronouns.pats Latvian.Case.gen Number.singular Gender.masculine = some [Morphology.Morph.root "paš", Morphology.Morph.suff "a"]
• Latvian.Pronouns.pats Latvian.Case.dat Number.singular Gender.masculine = some [Morphology.Morph.root "paš", Morphology.Morph.suff "am"]
• Latvian.Pronouns.pats Latvian.Case.acc Number.singular Gender.masculine = some [Morphology.Morph.root "paš", Morphology.Morph.suff "u"]
• Latvian.Pronouns.pats Latvian.Case.inst Number.singular Gender.masculine = some [Morphology.Morph.root "paš", Morphology.Morph.suff "u"]
• Latvian.Pronouns.pats Latvian.Case.loc Number.singular Gender.masculine = some [Morphology.Morph.root "paš", Morphology.Morph.suff "ā"]
• Latvian.Pronouns.pats Latvian.Case.nom Number.plural Gender.masculine = some [Morphology.Morph.root "paš", Morphology.Morph.suff "i"]
• Latvian.Pronouns.pats Latvian.Case.gen Number.plural Gender.masculine = some [Morphology.Morph.root "paš", Morphology.Morph.suff "u"]
• Latvian.Pronouns.pats Latvian.Case.dat Number.plural Gender.masculine = some [Morphology.Morph.root "paš", Morphology.Morph.suff "iem"]
• Latvian.Pronouns.pats Latvian.Case.acc Number.plural Gender.masculine = some [Morphology.Morph.root "paš", Morphology.Morph.suff "us"]
• Latvian.Pronouns.pats Latvian.Case.inst Number.plural Gender.masculine = some [Morphology.Morph.root "paš", Morphology.Morph.suff "iem"]
• Latvian.Pronouns.pats Latvian.Case.loc Number.plural Gender.masculine = some [Morphology.Morph.root "paš", Morphology.Morph.suff "os"]
• Latvian.Pronouns.pats Latvian.Case.nom Number.singular Gender.feminine = some [Morphology.Morph.root "pat", Morphology.Morph.suff "i"]
• Latvian.Pronouns.pats Latvian.Case.gen Number.singular Gender.feminine = some [Morphology.Morph.root "paš", Morphology.Morph.suff "as"]
• Latvian.Pronouns.pats Latvian.Case.dat Number.singular Gender.feminine = some [Morphology.Morph.root "paš", Morphology.Morph.suff "ai"]
• Latvian.Pronouns.pats Latvian.Case.acc Number.singular Gender.feminine = some [Morphology.Morph.root "paš", Morphology.Morph.suff "u"]
• Latvian.Pronouns.pats Latvian.Case.inst Number.singular Gender.feminine = some [Morphology.Morph.root "paš", Morphology.Morph.suff "u"]
• Latvian.Pronouns.pats Latvian.Case.loc Number.singular Gender.feminine = some [Morphology.Morph.root "paš", Morphology.Morph.suff "ā"]
• Latvian.Pronouns.pats Latvian.Case.nom Number.plural Gender.feminine = some [Morphology.Morph.root "paš", Morphology.Morph.suff "as"]
• Latvian.Pronouns.pats Latvian.Case.gen Number.plural Gender.feminine = some [Morphology.Morph.root "paš", Morphology.Morph.suff "u"]
• Latvian.Pronouns.pats Latvian.Case.dat Number.plural Gender.feminine = some [Morphology.Morph.root "paš", Morphology.Morph.suff "ām"]
• Latvian.Pronouns.pats Latvian.Case.acc Number.plural Gender.feminine = some [Morphology.Morph.root "paš", Morphology.Morph.suff "as"]
• Latvian.Pronouns.pats Latvian.Case.inst Number.plural Gender.feminine = some [Morphology.Morph.root "paš", Morphology.Morph.suff "ām"]
• Latvian.Pronouns.pats Latvian.Case.loc Number.plural Gender.feminine = some [Morphology.Morph.root "paš", Morphology.Morph.suff "ās"]
• Latvian.Pronouns.pats x✝² x✝¹ x✝ = none

theorem Latvian.Pronouns.pats_inst_eq (g : Gender) : pats Case.inst Number.singular g = pats Case.acc Number.singular g ∧ pats Case.inst Number.plural g = pats Case.dat Number.plural g

The instrumental of pats is its accusative in the singular and its dative in the plural, as in every Latvian declension ([KL21] p. 118): the instrumental has no form of its own.