Korean modals

The Korean modal expressions of Uegaki and Hannon's elicited dataset of force-flavour combinations, distributed with the modal typology database of [guo-imel-steinert-threlkeld-2022], with the forces and flavours each expresses: the epistemic necessity suffixes -napo-, -keyss-, ke- and they-, the deontic and circumstantial necessity of -ya ha-, the deontic necessity of -ya keyss-, the circumstantial kes.i coh-, and the possibility expressions ci(-to) molun-, swu(-to) iss- and -to toy-.

Implementation notes

The dataset records whether each expression is felicitous in contexts of three forces, necessity, weak necessity and possibility, and five flavors, epistemic, deontic, teleological, circumstantial and bouletic, with and without negation. An entry's meaning is its positive-polarity cells judged felicitous, with weak necessity entered as necessity and teleological as circumstantial; bouletic cells are left out, and so are the expressions with no other felicitous cell. Whether a meaning has independent force and flavor depends on this projection.

References

• [uegaki-hannon-2022]
• [guo-imel-steinert-threlkeld-2022]

@[reducible, inline]

abbrev Korean.ne : Modality.ForceFlavor

Equations

• Korean.ne = (Modality.ModalForce.necessity, Modality.ModalFlavor.epistemic)

@[reducible, inline]

abbrev Korean.pe : Modality.ForceFlavor

Equations

• Korean.pe = (Modality.ModalForce.possibility, Modality.ModalFlavor.epistemic)

@[reducible, inline]

abbrev Korean.nd : Modality.ForceFlavor

Equations

• Korean.nd = (Modality.ModalForce.necessity, Modality.ModalFlavor.deontic)

@[reducible, inline]

abbrev Korean.nc : Modality.ForceFlavor

Equations

• Korean.nc = (Modality.ModalForce.necessity, Modality.ModalFlavor.circumstantial)

@[reducible, inline]

abbrev Korean.pd : Modality.ForceFlavor

Equations

• Korean.pd = (Modality.ModalForce.possibility, Modality.ModalFlavor.deontic)

@[reducible, inline]

abbrev Korean.pc : Modality.ForceFlavor

Equations

• Korean.pc = (Modality.ModalForce.possibility, Modality.ModalFlavor.circumstantial)

def Korean.napo : Modality.ModalItem

Equations

• Korean.napo = { form := "-napo-", meaning := {Korean.ne} }

def Korean.keyss : Modality.ModalItem

Equations

• Korean.keyss = { form := "-keyss-", meaning := {Korean.ne} }

def Korean.yaHa : Modality.ModalItem

Equations

• Korean.yaHa = { form := "-ya + ha-", meaning := {Korean.nd, Korean.nc} }

def Korean.ke : Modality.ModalItem

Equations

• Korean.ke = { form := "ke-", meaning := {Korean.ne} }

def Korean.they : Modality.ModalItem

Equations

• Korean.they = { form := "they-", meaning := {Korean.ne} }

def Korean.yaKeyss : Modality.ModalItem

Equations

• Korean.yaKeyss = { form := "-ya + keyss-", meaning := {Korean.nd} }

def Korean.kesiCoh : Modality.ModalItem

Equations

• Korean.kesiCoh = { form := "kes.i-coh-", meaning := {Korean.nc} }

def Korean.ciMolun : Modality.ModalItem

Equations

• Korean.ciMolun = { form := "ci(-to) molun-", meaning := {Korean.pe} }

def Korean.swuIss : Modality.ModalItem

Equations

• Korean.swuIss = { form := "swu(-to) iss-", meaning := {Korean.pe, Korean.pc} }

def Korean.toToy : Modality.ModalItem

Equations

• Korean.toToy = { form := "-to + toy-", meaning := {Korean.pd, Korean.pc} }

def Korean.modals : List Modality.ModalItem

Equations

• Korean.modals = [Korean.napo, Korean.keyss, Korean.yaHa, Korean.ke, Korean.they, Korean.yaKeyss, Korean.kesiCoh, Korean.ciMolun, Korean.swuIss, Korean.toToy]