Korean modals

The Korean modal expressions of Uegaki and Hannon's elicited dataset of force-flavor combinations, as distributed with the modal typology database of Guo, Imel and Steinert-Threlkeld.

Implementation notes

• The dataset records whether each expression is felicitous in contexts of three forces, necessity, weak necessity and possibility, and five flavors, epistemic, deontic, teleological, circumstantial and bouletic, with and without negation. An entry's meaning is its positive-polarity cells judged felicitous, with weak necessity entered as necessity and teleological as circumstantial; bouletic cells are left out, and so are the expressions with no other felicitous cell.
• The doubly negated an -myeon an-toy- is recorded in positive clauses and has an entry; the singly negated expressions are recorded only under negation.

References

• [UH22]
• [GIST22]

def Korean.napo : Modality.ModalItem

-napo- expresses epistemic necessity.

Equations

• Korean.napo = { form := "-napo-", meaning := {(Modality.ModalForce.necessity, Modality.ModalFlavor.epistemic)} }

def Korean.keyss : Modality.ModalItem

-keyss- expresses epistemic necessity.

Equations

• Korean.keyss = { form := "-keyss-", meaning := {(Modality.ModalForce.necessity, Modality.ModalFlavor.epistemic)} }

def Korean.yaHa : Modality.ModalItem

-ya ha- expresses deontic and circumstantial necessity.

Equations

• Korean.yaHa = { form := "-ya + ha-", meaning := {Modality.ModalForce.necessity} ×ˢ {Modality.ModalFlavor.deontic, Modality.ModalFlavor.circumstantial} }

def Korean.ke : Modality.ModalItem

ke- expresses epistemic necessity.

Equations

• Korean.ke = { form := "ke-", meaning := {(Modality.ModalForce.necessity, Modality.ModalFlavor.epistemic)} }

def Korean.they : Modality.ModalItem

they- expresses epistemic necessity.

Equations

• Korean.they = { form := "they-", meaning := {(Modality.ModalForce.necessity, Modality.ModalFlavor.epistemic)} }

def Korean.yaKeyss : Modality.ModalItem

-ya keyss- expresses deontic necessity.

Equations

• Korean.yaKeyss = { form := "-ya + keyss-", meaning := {(Modality.ModalForce.necessity, Modality.ModalFlavor.deontic)} }

def Korean.kesiCoh : Modality.ModalItem

kes.i-coh- 'would be good' expresses circumstantial necessity.

Equations

• Korean.kesiCoh = { form := "kes.i-coh-", meaning := {(Modality.ModalForce.necessity, Modality.ModalFlavor.circumstantial)} }

def Korean.ciMolun : Modality.ModalItem

ci(-to) molun- 'not known' expresses epistemic possibility.

Equations

• Korean.ciMolun = { form := "ci(-to) molun-", meaning := {(Modality.ModalForce.possibility, Modality.ModalFlavor.epistemic)} }

def Korean.swuIss : Modality.ModalItem

swu(-to) iss- 'is a possibility' expresses epistemic and circumstantial possibility.

Equations

• Korean.swuIss = { form := "swu(-to) iss-", meaning := {Modality.ModalForce.possibility} ×ˢ {Modality.ModalFlavor.epistemic, Modality.ModalFlavor.circumstantial} }

def Korean.toToy : Modality.ModalItem

-to toy- expresses deontic and circumstantial possibility.

Equations

• Korean.toToy = { form := "-to + toy-", meaning := {Modality.ModalForce.possibility} ×ˢ {Modality.ModalFlavor.deontic, Modality.ModalFlavor.circumstantial} }

def Korean.anMyeonAnToy : Modality.ModalItem

The doubly negated an -myeon an-toy- expresses deontic necessity.

Equations

• Korean.anMyeonAnToy = { form := "an -myeon an-toy-", meaning := {(Modality.ModalForce.necessity, Modality.ModalFlavor.deontic)} }

def Korean.modals : List Modality.ModalItem

The modal inventory.

Equations

• Korean.modals = [Korean.napo, Korean.keyss, Korean.yaHa, Korean.ke, Korean.they, Korean.yaKeyss, Korean.kesiCoh, Korean.ciMolun, Korean.swuIss, Korean.toToy, Korean.anMyeonAnToy]