Japanese verbs

The Japanese clause-embedding and departure predicates the studies of Qing and Uegaki and of Ozaki consume: the preferential attitudes tanoshimi 'look forward to', osore 'fear', kitai 'expect', nozomu 'hope' and shinpai 'worry', whose distributivity over alternatives follows from the kind of preference each records; the morphological causative in -(s)ase, whose causee is accusative under the coercive reading and dative under the permissive one; and the departure verbs hanareru 'leave' and deru 'exit', which take their source in the accusative or the ablative and are unaccusative, their Voice being non-thematic.

Main definitions

• Japanese.Verb — a Japanese verb, the root Verb with its spelling
• Japanese.verbs — the attitude, causative and departure verbs

References

• [Oza26]
• [QOR+25]
• [Son96]

structure Japanese.Verbextends Verb : Type

A Japanese verb is the root entry, with its romanized citation form, and its spelling.

• valency : Valency
• voiceType : Option VoiceType
• passivizable : Bool
• perfectAuxiliaries : Finset PerfectAuxiliary
• vendlerClass : Option Aspect.VendlerClass
• scaleDimension : Option Degree.ScalarDimension
• scalePolarity : Polarity
• direction : Option Spatial.Path.Direction
• incrementality : Option Aspect.Incrementality
• phasal : Option Aspect.Phasal
• factivity : Option Presupposition.Factivity
• implicative : NaturalLogic.ImplicationSignature
• opaqueContext : Bool
• attitude : Option _root_.Attitude
• readings : List Reading
• complementSig : Option NaturalLogic.Signature
• levinClasses : Finset ArgumentStructure.LevinClass
• levinExcluded : Finset ArgumentStructure.LevinClass
• root : Semantics.Root
• morphs : List Morphology.Morph
• speechActVerb : Bool
• senseTag : SenseTag
• script : String

  The spelling in kanji and kana.

@[instance_reducible]

instance Japanese.instBEqVerb : BEq Verb

Equations

• Japanese.instBEqVerb = { beq := Japanese.instBEqVerb.beq }

def Japanese.instBEqVerb.beq : Verb → Verb → Bool

Equations

• Japanese.instBEqVerb.beq { toVerb := a, script := a_1 } { toVerb := b, script := b_1 } = (a == b && a_1 == b_1)
• Japanese.instBEqVerb.beq x✝¹ x✝ = false

Preferential attitudes

def Japanese.tanoshimi : Verb

楽しみ tanoshimi 'look forward to', a positive preference relative to relevance.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Japanese.osore : Verb

恐れ osore 'fear', a negative preference by comparison of degrees.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Japanese.kitai : Verb

期待 kitai 'expect, hope', a positive preference by comparison of degrees.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Japanese.nozomu : Verb

望む nozomu 'hope', a positive preference by comparison of degrees.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Japanese.shinpai : Verb

心配 shinpai 'worry', a preference relative to uncertainty.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

Causatives

def Japanese.ik_ase : Verb

行かせる ik-ase-ru 'make go', the causative of iku with an accusative causee.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Japanese.tabe_sase : Verb

食べさせる tabe-sase-ru 'make eat', the causative of taberu with an accusative causee.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

Departure verbs

def Japanese.hanareru : Verb

離れる hanareru 'leave' takes the leaver as its theme and the source in the accusative or ablative, with no thematic Voice.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Japanese.deru : Verb

出る deru 'exit' takes the leaver as its theme and the source in the accusative or ablative, with no thematic Voice.

Equations

• Japanese.deru = { valency := Verb.Valency.ofFrame ArgumentFrame.np, voiceType := some VoiceType.nonThematic, passivizable := false, morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root "deru"], script := "出る" }

def Japanese.verbs : List Verb

The inventory.

Equations

• Japanese.verbs = [Japanese.tanoshimi, Japanese.osore, Japanese.kitai, Japanese.nozomu, Japanese.shinpai, Japanese.ik_ase, Japanese.tabe_sase, Japanese.hanareru, Japanese.deru]