Indonesian clause embedding

[Ark13] [Sne96] [Noo07]

The complement-taking verbs and subordinators of [Ark13]'s finiteness paradigm. ingin 'want', belajar 'learn', menyuruh 'order', and mendorong 'push' take bare complements whose subject is controlled, coded as reduced in [Noo07]'s terms; tahu 'know' takes a bahwa clause. bahwa 'that' and agar 'so that' type full clauses with their own subjects.

def Indonesian.Complementation.controlled : ArgumentFrame.Position

A bare complement whose subject is controlled by a matrix argument.

Equations

• Indonesian.Complementation.controlled = ArgumentFrame.Position.clausal (some Clause.ComplementType.infinitive) ⊥ (some Clause.EmbeddedSubject.obligatorilyNull)

def Indonesian.Complementation.controlledFrame : ArgumentFrame

The frame of a controlled complement alone.

Equations

• Indonesian.Complementation.controlledFrame = { complements := [Indonesian.Complementation.controlled] }

def Indonesian.Complementation.objectControlledFrame : ArgumentFrame

The frame of an object and a complement it controls.

Equations

• Indonesian.Complementation.objectControlledFrame = Indonesian.Complementation.controlledFrame.withObject

def Indonesian.Complementation.ingin : Verb

ingin 'want' takes a controlled complement, Mereka ingin datang besok.

Equations

• Indonesian.Complementation.ingin = { valency := Verb.Valency.ofFrame Indonesian.Complementation.controlledFrame [] (some 0), morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root "ingin"] }

def Indonesian.Complementation.belajar : Verb

belajar 'learn, study' takes a controlled complement, Saya belajar menembak.

Equations

• Indonesian.Complementation.belajar = { valency := Verb.Valency.ofFrame Indonesian.Complementation.controlledFrame [] (some 0), morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root "belajar"] }

def Indonesian.Complementation.menyuruh : Verb

menyuruh 'order, ask' takes an object and a complement it controls, Saya menyuruh dia makan.

Equations

• Indonesian.Complementation.menyuruh = { valency := Verb.Valency.ofFrame Indonesian.Complementation.objectControlledFrame [] (some 1), morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root "menyuruh"] }

def Indonesian.Complementation.mendorong : Verb

mendorong 'push' takes an object and a resultative complement it controls, Orang itu mendorong saya jatuh.

Equations

• Indonesian.Complementation.mendorong = { valency := Verb.Valency.ofFrame Indonesian.Complementation.objectControlledFrame [] (some 1), morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root "mendorong"] }

def Indonesian.Complementation.tahu : Verb

tahu 'know' takes a finite bahwa clause, Saya tahu bahwa mereka akan datang.

Equations

• Indonesian.Complementation.tahu = { valency := Verb.Valency.ofFrame ArgumentFrame.finiteClause, morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root "tahu"] }

def Indonesian.Complementation.bahwa : Complementizer

bahwa 'that' is the declarative complementizer of a full clause.

Equations

• Indonesian.Complementation.bahwa = { morphs := [Morphology.Morph.free "bahwa"], coding := some Clause.ComplementType.indicative, types := Clause.Selection.only Clause.SentenceType.declarative }

def Indonesian.Complementation.agar : Complementizer

agar 'so that' is the purposive subordinator of a full, irrealis clause.

Equations

• Indonesian.Complementation.agar = { morphs := [Morphology.Morph.free "agar"], coding := some Clause.ComplementType.subjunctive }