Indonesian clause embedding

[arka-2013] [sneddon-1996] [noonan-2007]

The complement-taking verbs and subordinators of [arka-2013]'s finiteness paradigm. ingin 'want', belajar 'learn', menyuruh 'order', and mendorong 'push' take bare complements whose subject is controlled, coded as reduced in [noonan-2007]'s terms; tahu 'know' takes a bahwa clause. bahwa 'that' and agar 'so that' type full clauses with their own subjects.

def Indonesian.Complementation.controlled : Complement.Position

A bare complement whose subject is controlled by a matrix argument.

Equations

• Indonesian.Complementation.controlled = Complement.Position.clausal (some Complement.Coding.infinitive) none (some Clause.EmbeddedSubject.obligatorilyNull)

def Indonesian.Complementation.ingin : Verb

ingin 'want': a controlled complement, Mereka ingin datang besok.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Indonesian.Complementation.belajar : Verb

belajar 'learn, study': a controlled complement, Saya belajar menembak.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Indonesian.Complementation.menyuruh : Verb

menyuruh 'order, ask': an object and a complement it controls, Saya menyuruh dia makan.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Indonesian.Complementation.mendorong : Verb

mendorong 'push': an object and a resultative complement it controls, Orang itu mendorong saya jatuh.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Indonesian.Complementation.tahu : Verb

tahu 'know': a finite bahwa clause, Saya tahu bahwa mereka akan datang.

Equations

• Indonesian.Complementation.tahu = { frames := [Frame.finiteClause], form := "tahu" }

def Indonesian.Complementation.bahwa : Complementizer

bahwa 'that': the declarative complementizer of a full clause.

Equations

• Indonesian.Complementation.bahwa = { morphs := [Morphology.Morph.free "bahwa"], coding := some Complement.Coding.indicative, force := some Mood.Illocutionary.declarative }

def Indonesian.Complementation.agar : Complementizer

agar 'so that': the purposive subordinator of a full, irrealis clause.

Equations

• Indonesian.Complementation.agar = { morphs := [Morphology.Morph.free "agar"], coding := some Complement.Coding.subjunctive }