German Modal Verb Fragment #

Lexical entries for German modal verbs, following the pattern of English AuxEntry from Fragments.English.FunctionWords.

German has six core modals, each with fixed force and contextually variable flavor. All modal meanings are Cartesian products (force × flavors), so they all satisfy IFF.

Modal	3sg	Force	Flavors
können	kann	possibility	epistemic, circumstantial
dürfen	darf	possibility	deontic
müssen	muss	necessity	epistemic, deontic
sollen	soll	necessity	deontic
mögen	mag	possibility	epistemic
wollen	will	necessity	bouletic

Reference: Kratzer, A. (1981). The Notional Category of Modality.

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structure Fragments.German.Predicates.Modal.GermanModalEntry :

Type

German modal verb entry.

form : String
Infinitive form
form3sg : String
3sg present form
modalMeaning : List Core.Modality.ForceFlavor
Modal meaning as force-flavor pairs

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@[implicit_reducible]

instance Fragments.German.Predicates.Modal.instReprGermanModalEntry :

Repr GermanModalEntry

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Fragments.German.Predicates.Modal.instReprGermanModalEntry = { reprPrec := Fragments.German.Predicates.Modal.instReprGermanModalEntry.repr }

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def Fragments.German.Predicates.Modal.instReprGermanModalEntry.repr :

GermanModalEntry → ℕ → Std.Format

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@[implicit_reducible]

instance Fragments.German.Predicates.Modal.instBEqGermanModalEntry :

BEq GermanModalEntry

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Fragments.German.Predicates.Modal.instBEqGermanModalEntry = { beq := Fragments.German.Predicates.Modal.instBEqGermanModalEntry.beq }

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def Fragments.German.Predicates.Modal.instBEqGermanModalEntry.beq :

GermanModalEntry → GermanModalEntry → Bool

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Fragments.German.Predicates.Modal.instBEqGermanModalEntry.beq x✝¹ x✝ = false

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def Fragments.German.Predicates.Modal.koennen :

GermanModalEntry

können — "can/may": epistemic + circumstantial possibility.

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def Fragments.German.Predicates.Modal.duerfen :

GermanModalEntry

dürfen — "may/be allowed to": deontic possibility.

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def Fragments.German.Predicates.Modal.muessen :

GermanModalEntry

müssen — "must/have to": epistemic + deontic necessity.

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def Fragments.German.Predicates.Modal.sollen :

GermanModalEntry

sollen — "should/be supposed to": deontic necessity.

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def Fragments.German.Predicates.Modal.moegen :

GermanModalEntry

mögen — "may" (epistemic): epistemic possibility.

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def Fragments.German.Predicates.Modal.wollen :

GermanModalEntry

wollen — "want to": bouletic necessity.

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def Fragments.German.Predicates.Modal.sollte :

GermanModalEntry

sollte — Konjunktiv II of sollen: weak necessity across multiple flavors. Treated as a separate modal from sollen because it has complex morphology (root + Konj. II), following the morphological individuation criterion of @cite{steinert-threlkeld-imel-guo-2023} §4.3. Both soll and sollte individually satisfy IFF.

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