English communication verbs #
This file defines the English verbs of communication, say, tell and claim, and Levin's manner-of-speaking class, whisper, shout, mumble and the rest, with speak and talk.
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Communication #
"say" — communication verb, not factive
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"tell" — communication verb with recipient. Also ditransitive ("tell me a story"). The direct object may be implicit in the double object frame only, a definite (Tell me, but not told to me); the PP may be implicit, an indefinite ([Bru21]).
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"claim" — communication verb, speaker doesn't endorse
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Manner of Speaking (Levin 37.3) #
Manner-of-speaking (MoS) verbs specify how something is said. [Sto26c] shows these divide into two classes: - QI-permitting (unaccusative): whisper, murmur, mumble, mutter, shout, cry, scream, shriek, yell, groan, grumble, hiss, sigh, whimper, snap - Non-QI (unergative): speak, talk
"whisper" — Levin 37.3 Manner of Speaking verbs.
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"murmur" — Levin 37.3 Manner of Speaking verbs.
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"shout" — Levin 37.3 Manner of Speaking verbs.
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"cry" — Levin 37.3 Manner of Speaking verbs.
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"scream" — Levin 37.3 Manner of Speaking verbs.
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"mumble" — Levin 37.3 Manner of Speaking verbs.
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"mutter" — Levin 37.3 Manner of Speaking verbs.
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"shriek" — Levin 37.3 Manner of Speaking verbs.
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"yell" — Levin 37.3 Manner of Speaking verbs.
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"groan" — Levin 37.3 Manner of Speaking verbs.
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"grumble" — Levin 37.3 Manner of Speaking verbs.
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"hiss" — Levin 37.3 Manner of Speaking verbs.
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"sigh" — Levin 40.2 Nonverbal Expression verbs.
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"whimper" — Levin 37.3 Manner of Speaking verbs.
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"snap" — Levin 37.3 Manner of Speaking verbs.
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"speak" — agentive communication verb, blocks quotative inversion (unergative) Levin 37.5 Talk verbs.
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"talk" — agentive communication verb, blocks quotative inversion (unergative) Levin 37.5 Talk verbs.
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