English adverbs

The closed-class adverbs of English are typed by their semantic owners. The modal adverbs certainly, definitely, necessarily, possibly, perhaps, maybe, probably and potentially are Modality.ModalItems, with their force–flavor meanings and register. The adverbs of quantification always, usually, sometimes and never, which Lewis analyzes as quantifiers over cases, are the carrier AdverbOfQuantification, whose words denote their readings as generalized quantifiers. The modal-concord readings of must certainly and may possibly and the situation-pronoun analysis of adverbs of quantification live in the studies that treat them.

References

• [Kra81b]
• [Lew75]
• [Per00]
• [LR25]

Modal adverbs

@[reducible, inline]

abbrev English.Adverbs.ne : Modality.ForceFlavor

Equations

• English.Adverbs.ne = (Modality.ModalForce.necessity, Modality.ModalFlavor.epistemic)

@[reducible, inline]

abbrev English.Adverbs.nd : Modality.ForceFlavor

Equations

• English.Adverbs.nd = (Modality.ModalForce.necessity, Modality.ModalFlavor.deontic)

@[reducible, inline]

abbrev English.Adverbs.nc : Modality.ForceFlavor

Equations

• English.Adverbs.nc = (Modality.ModalForce.necessity, Modality.ModalFlavor.circumstantial)

@[reducible, inline]

abbrev English.Adverbs.pe : Modality.ForceFlavor

Equations

• English.Adverbs.pe = (Modality.ModalForce.possibility, Modality.ModalFlavor.epistemic)

@[reducible, inline]

abbrev English.Adverbs.pc : Modality.ForceFlavor

Equations

• English.Adverbs.pc = (Modality.ModalForce.possibility, Modality.ModalFlavor.circumstantial)

def English.Adverbs.certainly : Modality.ModalItem

Equations

• English.Adverbs.certainly = { form := "certainly", meaning := {English.Adverbs.ne}, register := SocialMeaning.Register.formal }

def English.Adverbs.definitely : Modality.ModalItem

Equations

• English.Adverbs.definitely = { form := "definitely", meaning := {English.Adverbs.ne, English.Adverbs.nd} }

def English.Adverbs.necessarily : Modality.ModalItem

Equations

• English.Adverbs.necessarily = { form := "necessarily", meaning := {English.Adverbs.ne, English.Adverbs.nc}, register := SocialMeaning.Register.formal }

def English.Adverbs.possibly : Modality.ModalItem

Equations

• English.Adverbs.possibly = { form := "possibly", meaning := {English.Adverbs.pe} }

def English.Adverbs.perhaps : Modality.ModalItem

Equations

• English.Adverbs.perhaps = { form := "perhaps", meaning := {English.Adverbs.pe}, register := SocialMeaning.Register.formal }

def English.Adverbs.maybe : Modality.ModalItem

Equations

• English.Adverbs.maybe = { form := "maybe", meaning := {English.Adverbs.pe}, register := SocialMeaning.Register.informal }

def English.Adverbs.probably : Modality.ModalItem

Equations

• English.Adverbs.probably = { form := "probably", meaning := {English.Adverbs.ne} }

def English.Adverbs.potentially : Modality.ModalItem

Equations

• English.Adverbs.potentially = { form := "potentially", meaning := {English.Adverbs.pc} }

def English.Adverbs.modalAdverbs : List Modality.ModalItem

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

Adverbs of quantification

inductive English.Adverbs.AdverbOfQuantification : Type

The adverbs of quantification always, usually, sometimes and never quantify over the cases their restrictor supplies ([Lew75]).

• always : AdverbOfQuantification
• usually : AdverbOfQuantification
• sometimes : AdverbOfQuantification
• never : AdverbOfQuantification

@[instance_reducible]

instance English.Adverbs.instDecidableEqAdverbOfQuantification : DecidableEq AdverbOfQuantification

Equations

• English.Adverbs.instDecidableEqAdverbOfQuantification x✝ y✝ = if h : x✝.ctorIdx = y✝.ctorIdx then isTrue ⋯ else isFalse ⋯

def English.Adverbs.instReprAdverbOfQuantification.repr : AdverbOfQuantification → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

@[instance_reducible]

instance English.Adverbs.instReprAdverbOfQuantification : Repr AdverbOfQuantification

Equations

• English.Adverbs.instReprAdverbOfQuantification = { reprPrec := English.Adverbs.instReprAdverbOfQuantification.repr }

def English.Adverbs.AdverbOfQuantification.form : AdverbOfQuantification → String

The form of an adverb is its spelling.

Equations

• English.Adverbs.AdverbOfQuantification.always.form = "always"
• English.Adverbs.AdverbOfQuantification.usually.form = "usually"
• English.Adverbs.AdverbOfQuantification.sometimes.form = "sometimes"
• English.Adverbs.AdverbOfQuantification.never.form = "never"

@[instance_reducible]

noncomputable instance English.Adverbs.AdverbOfQuantification.instDenotesSetFamily : Semantics.Denotes AdverbOfQuantification (Set Quantifier.GQ.Family)

An adverb denotes its reading over cases, always every, usually most, sometimes Quantifier.GQ.some and never no.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.