English adpositions

The closed-class adpositions of English as Adposition entries: the spatial to, on, in, into, at, from and out of, the particle out, and by, with and for, which also introduce participants. Each entry records the comparative case values it marks, read off the glosses Case gives them, so to marks the allative of went to Paris and the dative of gave the book to John.

Implementation notes

• for, in and the postposition ago also take a measure phrase. Which interval a measure applies to (Dowty's for and in tests, Aspect.forXPrediction and Aspect.inXPrediction), the offset from the utterance time, or the gap since the last event under negation and the perfect, is not lexical and is left to the studies.
• The polarity item in years is English.PolarityItems.inYears, and the temporal connectives before, after, since, until and by are English.TemporalConnectives.
• The passive agent that by marks has no comparative case value; agent marking is left to the studies.

References

• [Dow79]

def English.Adpositions.to_ : Adposition

to, as in Mary went to Paris, Mary gave the book to John.

Equations

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def English.Adpositions.on : Adposition

on, as in the book on the table.

Equations

• English.Adpositions.on = { morphs := [Morphology.Morph.free "on"], linearization := {Adposition.Linearization.pre}, functions := {Case.sup}, complements := {some Adposition.Complement.np} }

def English.Adpositions.at_ : Adposition

at, as in Mary is at home.

Equations

• English.Adpositions.at_ = { morphs := [Morphology.Morph.free "at"], linearization := {Adposition.Linearization.pre}, functions := {Case.ade}, complements := {some Adposition.Complement.np} }

def English.Adpositions.from_ : Adposition

from, as in Mary came from Paris.

Equations

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def English.Adpositions.out : Adposition

out, the particle, as in John threw out the trash.

Equations

• English.Adpositions.out = { morphs := [Morphology.Morph.free "out"], linearization := ∅, functions := {Case.ela}, complements := {none} }

def English.Adpositions.by_ : Adposition

by, as in the book was written by Mary, Mary sat by the window.

Equations

• English.Adpositions.by_ = { morphs := [Morphology.Morph.free "by"], linearization := {Adposition.Linearization.pre}, functions := {Case.ade}, complements := {some Adposition.Complement.np} }

def English.Adpositions.with_ : Adposition

with, as in Mary cut the bread with a knife, Mary left with John.

Equations

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def English.Adpositions.for_ : Adposition

for, as in the benefactive Martha carved a toy for the baby, and with a measure phrase Mary was sick for three hours.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def English.Adpositions.into : Adposition

into, as in the witch turned him into a frog.

Equations

• English.Adpositions.into = { morphs := [Morphology.Morph.free "into"], linearization := {Adposition.Linearization.pre}, functions := {Case.ill}, complements := {some Adposition.Complement.np} }

def English.Adpositions.outOf : Adposition

out of, as in Martha carved a toy out of the wood.

Equations

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def English.Adpositions.in_ : Adposition

in, as in the trash in the kitchen, and with a measure phrase Mary wrote a paper in three days, Mary hasn't been sick in years.

Equations

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def English.Adpositions.ago : Adposition

ago, the postposition, as in Mary left three days ago.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.