Drubea register

The stems of Drubea with their register tiers, as [Lio25] transcribes them after [Riv73] and [SP90]. A stem is its syllables and, on each mora, the register nodes it bears: none, or the downstep [-raised] (Tone.TRN.downstep, the source's l). No stem bears a tone feature or an upstep. The postlexical upstep, the boundary features, register copying and the three stem patterns the tiers instantiate are the analysis and live in Studies/Lionnet2025.

The entries are the source's minimal pairs and triplets, its illustrations of stem shape, and the stems, affixes and function words of the glossed utterances it transcribes with pitch levels; each docstring gives the example number. Where one syllable string carries several tiers, the entries are named by gloss. The stem is the source's free-standing monomorphemic lexical item, so pronouns and markers are stems and affixes are listed apart; compounds are built from their members in the study. Loanwords, whose syllable-internal downstep falls in a non-final syllable, are listed apart. Unlike vowels in sequence are heterosyllabic and like vowels a long vowel, following the source. cv and cvv are a light and a heavy open syllable.

Main results

• Drubea.stems_aligned, Drubea.affixes_aligned, Drubea.loans_aligned: every tier has one entry per mora.
• Drubea.smallCapitalI_heavy: the lax front vowel heads only bimoraic syllables.

References

• [Lio25]
• [Riv73]
• [SP90]

@[reducible, inline]

abbrev Drubea.cv (onset : List Phonology.Segment) (v : Phonology.Segment) : Prosody.Syllable

A light open syllable, (C)V.

Equations

• Drubea.cv onset v = Prosody.Syllable.ofVowel onset v

@[reducible, inline]

abbrev Drubea.cvv (onset : List Phonology.Segment) (v : Phonology.Segment) : Prosody.Syllable

A heavy open syllable, (C)VV, its long vowel two morae.

Equations

• Drubea.cvv onset v = Prosody.Syllable.ofLongVowel onset v

Monosyllabic minimal pairs ((4))

def Drubea.iTip : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ĩ/ 'extremity, tip' ((3a), (4a)).

Equations

• Drubea.iTip = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [] Drubea.iNasal], tier := [[]] }

def Drubea.iPiece : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜĩ/ 'piece, bit' ((4a)).

Equations

• Drubea.iPiece = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [] Drubea.iNasal], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep]] }

def Drubea.iiBamboo : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ɪɪ/ 'indigenous bamboo' ((4b)).

Equations

• Drubea.iiBamboo = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [] Drubea.smallCapitalI], tier := [[], []] }

def Drubea.iiElaeocarpus : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜɪɪ/ 'Elaeocarpus angustifolius, tree sp.' ((4b)).

Equations

• Drubea.iiElaeocarpus = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [] Drubea.smallCapitalI], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep], []] }

def Drubea.beDie : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/be/ 'death; to die' ((3a), (4c)).

Equations

• Drubea.beDie = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.b] Drubea.e], tier := [[]] }

def Drubea.beNiaouli : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜbe/ 'Melaleuca quinquenervia, niaouli' ((4c)).

Equations

• Drubea.beNiaouli = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.b] Drubea.e], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep]] }

def Drubea.dooBag : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ɖoo/ 'bag, envelope' ((4d)).

Equations

• Drubea.dooBag = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.dRetroflex] Drubea.o], tier := [[], []] }

def Drubea.dooCordyline : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜɖoo/ 'Cordyline spp., plant sp.' ((4d)).

Equations

• Drubea.dooCordyline = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.dRetroflex] Drubea.o], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep], []] }

def Drubea.cuWipe : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/cu/ 'to wipe' ((4e)).

Equations

• Drubea.cuWipe = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.c] Drubea.u], tier := [[]] }

def Drubea.cuKnock : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜcu/ 'to knock down with a pole' ((4e)).

Equations

• Drubea.cuKnock = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.c] Drubea.u], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep]] }

def Drubea.niCoconut : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ɲi/ 'coconut tree' ((4f)).

Equations

• Drubea.niCoconut = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.nPalatal] Drubea.i], tier := [[]] }

def Drubea.niBreast : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜɲi/ 'breast' ((4f)).

Equations

• Drubea.niBreast = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.nPalatal] Drubea.i], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep]] }

def Drubea.keeHusband : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/kee/ 'husband' ((4g), (45d)).

Equations

• Drubea.keeHusband = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.k] Drubea.e], tier := [[], []] }

def Drubea.keeMulberry : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜkee/ 'Broussonetia papyrifera, paper mulberry' ((4g), (45d)).

Equations

• Drubea.keeMulberry = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.k] Drubea.e], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep], []] }

CVꜜV triplets ((45))

def Drubea.beeNeg : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/beꜜe/ NEGATION ((45a), (46)).

Equations

• Drubea.beeNeg = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.b] Drubea.e], tier := [[], [Tone.TRN.downstep]] }

def Drubea.beeFish : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/bee/ 'fish' ((45a), (19)).

Equations

• Drubea.beeFish = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.b] Drubea.e], tier := [[], []] }

def Drubea.beeDescendance : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜbee/ 'descendance' ((45a)).

Equations

• Drubea.beeDescendance = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.b] Drubea.e], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep], []] }

def Drubea.pwaaMen : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/pwaꜜa/ 'group of men' ((45b), (50)).

Equations

• Drubea.pwaaMen = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.pw] Drubea.a], tier := [[], [Tone.TRN.downstep]] }

def Drubea.pwaaWhite : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/pwaa/ 'white' ((45b)).

Equations

• Drubea.pwaaWhite = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.pw] Drubea.a], tier := [[], []] }

def Drubea.pwaaPacket : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜpwaa/ 'packet' ((45b)).

Equations

• Drubea.pwaaPacket = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.pw] Drubea.a], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep], []] }

def Drubea.kooPlace : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/koꜜo/ 'place, field' ((45c), (53)).

Equations

• Drubea.kooPlace = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.k] Drubea.o], tier := [[], [Tone.TRN.downstep]] }

def Drubea.kooFish : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/koo/ 'fish sp.' ((45c)).

Equations

• Drubea.kooFish = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.k] Drubea.o], tier := [[], []] }

def Drubea.kooEgg : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜkoo/ 'egg' ((45c)).

Equations

• Drubea.kooEgg = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.k] Drubea.o], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep], []] }

def Drubea.kee1pl : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/keꜜe/ 1PL.SBJ ((45d), (21)).

Equations

• Drubea.kee1pl = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.k] Drubea.e], tier := [[], [Tone.TRN.downstep]] }

def Drubea.kaaProspective : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/kãꜜã/ PROSPECTIVE ((45e), (10)).

Equations

• Drubea.kaaProspective = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.k] Drubea.aNasal], tier := [[], [Tone.TRN.downstep]] }

def Drubea.kaaParent : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/kãã/ 'parent, friend' ((45e)).

Equations

• Drubea.kaaParent = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.k] Drubea.aNasal], tier := [[], []] }

def Drubea.kaaBig : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜkãã/ 'big' ((45e)).

Equations

• Drubea.kaaBig = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.k] Drubea.aNasal], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep], []] }

Stem shapes ((3)) and the disyllabic triplet ((34))

def Drubea.booBlind : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/boo/ 'blind' ((3b)).

Equations

• Drubea.booBlind = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.b] Drubea.o], tier := [[], []] }

def Drubea.uuNet : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ʊʊ/ 'net' ((3b)).

Equations

• Drubea.uuNet = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [] Drubea.upsilon], tier := [[], []] }

def Drubea.kureForest : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ku.ɽe/ 'forest, bush' ((3c), (34a)): registerless, type 1.

Equations

• Drubea.kureForest = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.k] Drubea.u, Drubea.cv [Drubea.rRetroflex] Drubea.e], tier := [[], []] }

def Drubea.kureEnd : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜku.ɽe/ 'end' ((34b)): downstepped initial syllable, type 2.

Equations

• Drubea.kureEnd = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.k] Drubea.u, Drubea.cv [Drubea.rRetroflex] Drubea.e], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep], []] }

def Drubea.kureCrayfish : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ku.ꜜɽe/ 'crayfish' ((34c)): downstepped second syllable, type 3.

Equations

• Drubea.kureCrayfish = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.k] Drubea.u, Drubea.cv [Drubea.rRetroflex] Drubea.e], tier := [[], [Tone.TRN.downstep]] }

def Drubea.iyaFish : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/i.ꜜya/ 'to fish' ((3c)).

Equations

• Drubea.iyaFish = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [] Drubea.i, Drubea.cv [Drubea.y] Drubea.a], tier := [[], [Tone.TRN.downstep]] }

def Drubea.kwieWind : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/kwi.e/ 'wind' ((3c)).

Equations

• Drubea.kwieWind = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.kw] Drubea.i, Drubea.cv [] Drubea.e], tier := [[], []] }

def Drubea.iaWar : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/i.a/ 'declare war' ((3c)).

Equations

• Drubea.iaWar = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [] Drubea.i, Drubea.cv [] Drubea.a], tier := [[], []] }

def Drubea.pweendiSon : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/pwẽẽ.ɖi/ 'youngest son' ((3d)).

Equations

• Drubea.pweendiSon = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.pw] Drubea.eNasal, Drubea.cv [Drubea.dRetroflex] Drubea.i], tier := [[], [], []] }

def Drubea.uureMoon : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ũũ.ɽe/ 'moon' ((3d)).

Equations

• Drubea.uureMoon = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [] Drubea.uNasal, Drubea.cv [Drubea.rRetroflex] Drubea.e], tier := [[], [], []] }

def Drubea.wareeLiana : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/wã.ɽee/ 'liana' ((3e)).

Equations

• Drubea.wareeLiana = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.w] Drubea.aNasal, Drubea.cvv [Drubea.rRetroflex] Drubea.e], tier := [[], [], []] }

def Drubea.utiiHome : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/u.tii/ 'go home' ((3e)).

Equations

• Drubea.utiiHome = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [] Drubea.u, Drubea.cvv [Drubea.t] Drubea.i], tier := [[], [], []] }

def Drubea.beiiJealous : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/be.ii/ 'be jealous' ((3e)).

Equations

• Drubea.beiiJealous = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.b] Drubea.e, Drubea.cvv [] Drubea.i], tier := [[], [], []] }

def Drubea.veentooFish : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/vẽẽ.too/ 'fish sp.' ((3f)).

Equations

• Drubea.veentooFish = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.v] Drubea.eNasal, Drubea.cvv [Drubea.t] Drubea.o], tier := [[], [], [], []] }

Verbs and nouns of the glossed utterances

def Drubea.vetoPut : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/veto/ 'put' ((35)).

Equations

• Drubea.vetoPut = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.v] Drubea.e, Drubea.cv [Drubea.t] Drubea.o], tier := [[], []] }

def Drubea.teaGoUp : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/te.a/ 'to go up' ((36)).

Equations

• Drubea.teaGoUp = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.t] Drubea.e, Drubea.cv [] Drubea.a], tier := [[], []] }

def Drubea.mwereAgain : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/mweɽe/ 'again' ((36)).

Equations

• Drubea.mwereAgain = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.mw] Drubea.e, Drubea.cv [Drubea.rRetroflex] Drubea.e], tier := [[], []] }

def Drubea.kapwaIron : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/kapwa/ 'corrugated iron' ((37)).

Equations

• Drubea.kapwaIron = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.k] Drubea.a, Drubea.cv [Drubea.pw] Drubea.a], tier := [[], []] }

def Drubea.tobeWake : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜʈobe/ 'wake up' ((39)).

Equations

• Drubea.tobeWake = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.tRetroflex] Drubea.o, Drubea.cv [Drubea.b] Drubea.e], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep], []] }

def Drubea.ngereThink : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜŋɛɽɛ/ 'think' ((40)).

Equations

• Drubea.ngereThink = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.ŋ] Drubea.openE, Drubea.cv [Drubea.rRetroflex] Drubea.openE], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep], []] }

def Drubea.beruSwim : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜbeɽu/ 'swim' ((13)).

Equations

• Drubea.beruSwim = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.b] Drubea.e, Drubea.cv [Drubea.rRetroflex] Drubea.u], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep], []] }

def Drubea.kereeEat : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜkeɽee/ 'eat' ((14)).

Equations

• Drubea.kereeEat = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.k] Drubea.e, Drubea.cvv [Drubea.rRetroflex] Drubea.e], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep], [], []] }

def Drubea.mwariiPlant : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜmwaɽii/ 'plant' ((41), (42)).

Equations

• Drubea.mwariiPlant = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.mw] Drubea.a, Drubea.cvv [Drubea.rRetroflex] Drubea.i], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep], [], []] }

def Drubea.veyuuSick : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/veꜜyuu/ 'to be sick, to die' ((43), (44)).

Equations

• Drubea.veyuuSick = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.v] Drubea.e, Drubea.cvv [Drubea.y] Drubea.u], tier := [[], [Tone.TRN.downstep], []] }

def Drubea.kagweeLike : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/kaꜜgwee/ 'like' ((43)).

Equations

• Drubea.kagweeLike = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.k] Drubea.a, Drubea.cvv [Drubea.gw] Drubea.e], tier := [[], [Tone.TRN.downstep], []] }

def Drubea.uruCut : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/uɽu/ 'cut' ((56a)).

Equations

• Drubea.uruCut = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [] Drubea.u, Drubea.cv [Drubea.rRetroflex] Drubea.u], tier := [[], []] }

def Drubea.tieTear : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜti.e/ 'tear' ((56b), (57)).

Equations

• Drubea.tieTear = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.t] Drubea.i, Drubea.cv [] Drubea.e], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep], []] }

def Drubea.mieWet : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜmi.e/ 'wet' ((32), (33)).

Equations

• Drubea.mieWet = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.m] Drubea.i, Drubea.cv [] Drubea.e], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep], []] }

def Drubea.gooHibbertia : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/goo/ 'Hibbertia pancheri, plant sp.' ((32)).

Equations

• Drubea.gooHibbertia = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.g] Drubea.o], tier := [[], []] }

def Drubea.gooTree : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜgoo/ 'tree' ((33)).

Equations

• Drubea.gooTree = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.g] Drubea.o], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep], []] }

def Drubea.taaOne : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜtaa/ 'one' ((7), (19), (20)).

Equations

• Drubea.taaOne = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.t] Drubea.a], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep], []] }

def Drubea.diiSmall : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/dɪɪ/ 'small' ((6), (19)).

Equations

• Drubea.diiSmall = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.d] Drubea.smallCapitalI], tier := [[], []] }

def Drubea.pwiCooked : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/pwi/ 'cooked' ((20)).

Equations

• Drubea.pwiCooked = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.pw] Drubea.i], tier := [[]] }

def Drubea.kaaSmoke : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/kaa/ 'smoke' ((9)).

Equations

• Drubea.kaaSmoke = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.k] Drubea.a], tier := [[], []] }

def Drubea.taFire : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜʈã/ 'fire(wood)' ((9), (10), (16)).

Equations

• Drubea.taFire = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.tRetroflex] Drubea.aNasal], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep]] }

def Drubea.viTake : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜvi/ 'take' ((10)).

Equations

• Drubea.viTake = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.v] Drubea.i], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep]] }

def Drubea.kweDance : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/kwɛ/ 'dance' ((53a)).

Equations

• Drubea.kweDance = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.kw] Drubea.openE], tier := [[]] }

def Drubea.kweEat : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜkwe/ 'eat' ((48), (53b)).

Equations

• Drubea.kweEat = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.kw] Drubea.e], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep]] }

def Drubea.tiiLook : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/tɪɪ/ 'look at' ((30)).

Equations

• Drubea.tiiLook = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.t] Drubea.smallCapitalI], tier := [[], []] }

def Drubea.ngaWork : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ŋa/ 'work' ((46)).

Equations

• Drubea.ngaWork = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.ŋ] Drubea.a], tier := [[]] }

def Drubea.mwaHouse : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜmwa/ 'house' ((37), (55a)).

Equations

• Drubea.mwaHouse = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.mw] Drubea.a], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep]] }

def Drubea.uuMat : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜʊʊ/ 'mat' ((55b)).

Equations

• Drubea.uuMat = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [] Drubea.upsilon], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep], []] }

def Drubea.uHair : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ũ/ 'hair' ((55b)).

Equations

• Drubea.uHair = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [] Drubea.uNasal], tier := [[]] }

def Drubea.pookaAnimal : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/pooꜜka/ 'animal' ((55b)).

Equations

• Drubea.pookaAnimal = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.p] Drubea.o, Drubea.cv [Drubea.k] Drubea.a], tier := [[], [], [Tone.TRN.downstep]] }

def Drubea.koManner : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜko/ 'manner' ((55c)).

Equations

• Drubea.koManner = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.k] Drubea.o], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep]] }

def Drubea.vuuSpeak : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜvuu/ 'speak' ((55c)).

Equations

• Drubea.vuuSpeak = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.v] Drubea.u], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep], []] }

def Drubea.aboruPerson : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/a.bo.ɽu/ 'person' ((7)), a trisyllable.

Equations

• Drubea.aboruPerson = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [] Drubea.a, Drubea.cv [Drubea.b] Drubea.o, Drubea.cv [Drubea.rRetroflex] Drubea.u], tier := [[], [], []] }

Pronouns and markers

def Drubea.ko1sg : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ko/ 1SG.SBJ ((8), (13), (30)).

Equations

• Drubea.ko1sg = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.k] Drubea.o], tier := [[]] }

def Drubea.ni3sg : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ɲi/ 3SG.SBJ ((36), (46)).

Equations

• Drubea.ni3sg = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.nPalatal] Drubea.i], tier := [[]] }

def Drubea.ni3pl : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜɳi/ 3PL.SBJ ((11), (47)).

Equations

• Drubea.ni3pl = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.nRetroflex] Drubea.i], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep]] }

def Drubea.teDescr : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/te/ DESCR ((7), (13), (30)).

Equations

• Drubea.teDescr = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.t] Drubea.e], tier := [[]] }

def Drubea.mwaPfv : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜmwa/ PFV ((8), (11), (39)).

Equations

• Drubea.mwaPfv = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.mw] Drubea.a], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep]] }

def Drubea.niiSay : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜɳii/ 'say' ((11), (12)).

Equations

• Drubea.niiSay = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.nRetroflex] Drubea.i], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep], []] }

def Drubea.meThat : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/ꜜme/ 'that' ((11), (12)).

Equations

• Drubea.meThat = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.m] Drubea.e], tier := [[Tone.TRN.downstep]] }

Affixes

def Drubea.reAct : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

The suffix -ɽe ACT ((13), (30), (53), (57)).

Equations

• Drubea.reAct = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.rRetroflex] Drubea.e], tier := [[]] }

def Drubea.aStat : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

The prefix a- STAT ((15), (21)).

Equations

• Drubea.aStat = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [] Drubea.a], tier := [[]] }

def Drubea.taHand : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

The verbal classifier prefix ʈa- 'VERB with one's hand' ((56), (57)), registerless of itself and copying the register of the verb's initial syllable.

Equations

• Drubea.taHand = { syllables := [Drubea.cv [Drubea.tRetroflex] Drubea.a], tier := [[]] }

Loanwords ((54))

def Drubea.oociHorse : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/oꜜo.ci/ 'horse', from English.

Equations

• Drubea.oociHorse = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [] Drubea.o, Drubea.cv [Drubea.c] Drubea.i], tier := [[], [Tone.TRN.downstep], []] }

def Drubea.piikiPig : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/piꜜi.ki/ 'pig', from English.

Equations

• Drubea.piikiPig = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.p] Drubea.i, Drubea.cv [Drubea.k] Drubea.i], tier := [[], [Tone.TRN.downstep], []] }

def Drubea.poociPouch : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/poꜜo.ci/ 'pouch, pocket', from French.

Equations

• Drubea.poociPouch = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.p] Drubea.o, Drubea.cv [Drubea.c] Drubea.i], tier := [[], [Tone.TRN.downstep], []] }

def Drubea.taaciBowl : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/taꜜa.ci/ 'bowl', from French.

Equations

• Drubea.taaciBowl = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.t] Drubea.a, Drubea.cv [Drubea.c] Drubea.i], tier := [[], [Tone.TRN.downstep], []] }

def Drubea.cooroSalt : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/coꜜo.ɽo/ 'salt', from English.

Equations

• Drubea.cooroSalt = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.c] Drubea.o, Drubea.cv [Drubea.rRetroflex] Drubea.o], tier := [[], [Tone.TRN.downstep], []] }

def Drubea.kaateCar : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable

/kaꜜa.ʈɛ/ 'car', from English.

Equations

• Drubea.kaateCar = { syllables := [Drubea.cvv [Drubea.k] Drubea.a, Drubea.cv [Drubea.tRetroflex] Drubea.openE], tier := [[], [Tone.TRN.downstep], []] }

The lists

def Drubea.stems : List (Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable)

The native stems.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Drubea.affixes : List (Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable)

The affixes.

Equations

• Drubea.affixes = [Drubea.reAct, Drubea.aStat, Drubea.taHand]

def Drubea.loans : List (Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable)

The loanwords.

Equations

• Drubea.loans = [Drubea.oociHorse, Drubea.piikiPig, Drubea.poociPouch, Drubea.taaciBowl, Drubea.cooroSalt, Drubea.kaateCar]

theorem Drubea.stems_aligned (s : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable) : s ∈ stems → Tone.Registered.IsAligned Prosody.Syllable.pnatMoraCount s

Every stem's tier has one entry per mora.

theorem Drubea.affixes_aligned (s : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable) : s ∈ affixes → Tone.Registered.IsAligned Prosody.Syllable.pnatMoraCount s

theorem Drubea.loans_aligned (s : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable) : s ∈ loans → Tone.Registered.IsAligned Prosody.Syllable.pnatMoraCount s

theorem Drubea.smallCapitalI_heavy (s : Tone.Registered Prosody.Syllable) : s ∈ stems → ∀ σ ∈ s.syllables, σ.nucleusSegments = [smallCapitalI] → σ.moraCount = 2

The lax front vowel occurs long only: every syllable it heads is bimoraic.