Documentation

Linglib.Fragments.Cantonese.Predicates

Cantonese Complement-Taking Predicates #

@cite{matthews-yip-1994} @cite{liu-yip-2026}

Theory-light inventory of Cantonese complement-taking predicates (CTPs) relevant to the Liu & Yip 2026 analysis. Each entry records consensus metadata: surface form, Noonan CTP class, and which complement sizes the predicate is reported to take per Liu & Yip 2026 §5–6 (Lists in (79) and (80)).

The size labels (vP, tP, cP) are exposed through a small enum local to this file rather than imported from Theories/Syntax/Minimalist/, because the size-classification is a consensus typological observation that any theory of Cantonese clausal complementation must respect, not an analytical projection. The Minimalist-internal ComplementSize substrate is consumed by the Studies file, not by the Fragment.

source
inductive Fragments.Cantonese.Predicates.ComplementSizeLabel :
Type

The size of the complement clause a Cantonese predicate selects, per @cite{liu-yip-2026} §5–6's classification: vP (Aspect Restructuring, Type III), tP (nonfinite without Aspect Restructuring, Type II), or cP (finite, Type I). A predicate may select more than one size.

Instances For
    source
    @[implicit_reducible]
    instance Fragments.Cantonese.Predicates.instDecidableEqComplementSizeLabel :
    DecidableEq ComplementSizeLabel
    Equations
    source
    @[implicit_reducible]
    instance Fragments.Cantonese.Predicates.instReprComplementSizeLabel :
    Repr ComplementSizeLabel
    Equations
    source
    def Fragments.Cantonese.Predicates.instReprComplementSizeLabel.repr :
    ComplementSizeLabel → Nat → Std.Format
    Equations
    • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
    Instances For
      source
      structure Fragments.Cantonese.Predicates.CTPEntry :
      Type

      A Cantonese complement-taking predicate.

      Instances For
        source
        @[implicit_reducible]
        instance Fragments.Cantonese.Predicates.instReprCTPEntry :
        Repr CTPEntry
        Equations
        source
        def Fragments.Cantonese.Predicates.instReprCTPEntry.repr :
        CTPEntry → Nat → Std.Format
        Equations
        • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
        Instances For

          Predicates allowing -faan's exceptional wide scope (per Liu&Yip2026 (79)) #

          These are nonfinite-clause-takers; they license -faan-lowering across their embedded vP. Liu & Yip's (79) lists: bik, ceng, daasyun, gaiwaak, gam, giu, hang, hoici, hoji, hyun, paai, soeng, zeonbei.

          source
          def Fragments.Cantonese.Predicates.soeng :
          CTPEntry

          想 soeng 'want' — desiderative; selects vP (per Liu&Yip2026 §5–6).

          Equations
          • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
          Instances For
            source
            def Fragments.Cantonese.Predicates.hyun :
            CTPEntry

            勸 hyun 'urge' — manipulative; selects vP.

            Equations
            • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
            Instances For
              source
              def Fragments.Cantonese.Predicates.bik :
              CTPEntry

              逼 bik 'force' — manipulative; selects vP.

              Equations
              • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
              Instances For
                source
                def Fragments.Cantonese.Predicates.giu :
                CTPEntry

                叫 giu 'ask, tell' — manipulative; selects vP.

                Equations
                • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
                Instances For
                  source
                  def Fragments.Cantonese.Predicates.daasyun :
                  CTPEntry

                  打算 daasyun 'intend, plan' — desiderative; selects vP.

                  Equations
                  • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
                  Instances For

                    Predicates blocking -faan's exceptional wide scope (per Liu&Yip2026 (80)) #

                    These are finite-clause (CP) takers. Liu & Yip's (80) lists: geidak, gong, honang, jingwai, (so-eng)seon, syunbou.

                    source
                    def Fragments.Cantonese.Predicates.seon :
                    CTPEntry

                    信 seon 'believe' — propositional attitude; selects cP only. Same family as Mandarin xiangxin. Per Liu & Yip 2026 (78), -faan cannot take wide scope across an embedded seon clause.

                    Equations
                    • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
                    Instances For
                      source
                      def Fragments.Cantonese.Predicates.gong :
                      CTPEntry

                      講 gong 'say' — utterance; selects cP only.

                      Equations
                      • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
                      Instances For
                        source
                        def Fragments.Cantonese.Predicates.geidak :
                        CTPEntry

                        記得 geidak 'remember' — knowledge / cognitive factive; selects cP only per Liu & Yip 2026 (80).

                        Equations
                        • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
                        Instances For
                          source
                          def Fragments.Cantonese.Predicates.all :
                          List CTPEntry
                          Equations
                          • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
                          Instances For
                            source
                            theorem Fragments.Cantonese.Predicates.all_membership :
                            List.map (fun (x : CTPEntry) => x.jyutping) all = ["soeng2", "hyun3", "bik1", "giu3", "daa2syun3", "seon3", "gong2", "gei3dak1"]

                            Drift sentry: 8-predicate inventory matches the verbs explicitly mentioned in Studies/LiuYip2026.lean consumption.

                            source
                            theorem Fragments.Cantonese.Predicates.partition_vP_cP :
                            (List.filter (fun (x : CTPEntry) => decide (x.selects = [ComplementSizeLabel.vP])) all).length = 5 ∧ (List.filter (fun (x : CTPEntry) => decide (x.selects = [ComplementSizeLabel.cP])) all).length = 3

                            vP-takers (allow -faan-lowering) and cP-takers (block it) form a partition of the inventory. Liu & Yip 2026 (79)/(80) classification.