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Studies.Ogihara1996

Ogihara (1996): Tense, Attitudes, and Scope #

Ogihara, developing his dissertation, takes an embedded past tense to be ambiguous between a genuine past, contributing temporal precedence, and a zero tense, a bound variable that receives the matrix event time. The simultaneous reading is the zero-tense reading (zeroTense_simultaneous) and the shifted reading the genuine-past reading (genuinePast_shifted). Japanese is a pure relative-tense language, every tense being interpreted in the scope of the structurally higher tenses, so an embedded past is anterior to the matrix event and Taroo-wa Hanako-ga byookidat-ta to it-ta has only the shifted reading (embeddedByookiDatta, byookiDatta_shifted), a reading of a language without the Sequence of Tense rule (byookiDatta_mem), the simultaneous reading requiring the embedded present. The English past perfect under a past matrix is built against the same matrix frame (pluperfectShifted, pluperfect_is_past).

Implementation notes #

The frames are Reichenbach frames over the integers, with the embedded perspective time set to the matrix event time. The Japanese example with an embedded present under a past matrix, whose simultaneous reading places the event at the matrix event time while the morphology says present, is not encoded, since a single reference and event time cannot carry both the morphological tense and the divergent event location.

References #

source
def Ogihara1996.embeddedFrame {T : Type u_1} (matrixFrame : Tense.ReichenbachFrame T) (embeddedR embeddedE : T) :
Tense.ReichenbachFrame T

The frame of a clause embedded under an attitude verb takes the matrix event time as its perspective time, so the embedded tense locates its reference time against the attitude holder's now.

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    @[simp]
    theorem Ogihara1996.embeddedFrame_eventTime {T : Type u_1} (matrixFrame : Tense.ReichenbachFrame T) (embeddedR embeddedE : T) :
    (embeddedFrame matrixFrame embeddedR embeddedE).eventTime = embeddedE
    source
    @[simp]
    theorem Ogihara1996.embeddedFrame_speechTime {T : Type u_1} (matrixFrame : Tense.ReichenbachFrame T) (embeddedR embeddedE : T) :
    (embeddedFrame matrixFrame embeddedR embeddedE).speechTime = matrixFrame.speechTime
    source
    @[simp]
    theorem Ogihara1996.embeddedFrame_perspectiveTime {T : Type u_1} (matrixFrame : Tense.ReichenbachFrame T) (embeddedR embeddedE : T) :
    (embeddedFrame matrixFrame embeddedR embeddedE).perspectiveTime = matrixFrame.eventTime
    source
    @[simp]
    theorem Ogihara1996.embeddedFrame_referenceTime {T : Type u_1} (matrixFrame : Tense.ReichenbachFrame T) (embeddedR embeddedE : T) :
    (embeddedFrame matrixFrame embeddedR embeddedE).referenceTime = embeddedR
    source
    theorem Ogihara1996.zeroTense_simultaneous {W : Type u_1} {T : Type u_2} [LT T] (g : Assignment T) (n : ℕ) (now : T) (w : W) :
    (Tense.pronoun ⊤ n 0).selector (Function.update g n now) w = some now

    The simultaneous reading is the zero-tense reading: a zero tense bound by the attitude denotes its now.

    source
    theorem Ogihara1996.genuinePast_shifted {W : Type u_1} {T : Type u_2} [LinearOrder T] {k j : ℕ} {g : Assignment T} {w : W} (h : (Tense.pronoun (Semantics.Denotes.denote Tense.past) k j).presup g w) :
    compare (g k) (g j) = Ordering.lt

    The shifted reading is the genuine-past reading: a pronominal past whose presupposition holds precedes its evaluation time.

    source
    def Ogihara1996.matrixItta :
    Tense.ReichenbachFrame ℤ

    The matrix frame Taroo-wa … to it-ta, past and perfective: the speech and perspective times at the origin, the reference and event times two units earlier.

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      def Ogihara1996.embeddedByookiDatta :
      Tense.ReichenbachFrame ℤ

      The embedded Hanako-ga byookidat-ta: a past under a past, interpreted relative to the matrix event, so its perspective time is the matrix event time and its reference time lies before it.

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      Instances For
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        def Ogihara1996.pluperfectShifted :
        Tense.ReichenbachFrame ℤ

        The English past perfect under a past matrix, he said that Mary had been reading books yesterday: past relative to the embedded perspective, and perfect.

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          theorem Ogihara1996.japanese_relative_perspective :
          embeddedByookiDatta.perspectiveTime = matrixItta.eventTime

          The embedded Japanese past is evaluated from the matrix event, not the speech time.

          source
          theorem Ogihara1996.byookiDatta_shifted :
          embeddedByookiDatta.referencePosition = Ordering.lt

          The embedded Japanese past has only the shifted reading.

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          theorem Ogihara1996.byookiDatta_mem :
          embeddedByookiDatta.referencePosition ∈ Tense.pastUnderPast False

          The Japanese past under a past takes a position open to a language without the Sequence of Tense rule.

          source
          theorem Ogihara1996.pluperfect_is_perfect :
          pluperfectShifted.eventPosition = Ordering.lt

          The past perfect is perfect, its event preceding its reference time.

          source
          theorem Ogihara1996.pluperfect_is_past :
          pluperfectShifted.referencePosition = Ordering.lt

          The past perfect is past relative to the embedded perspective.