Relative clauses: typological survey (WALS)

[CK13c] [CK13b] [KC77]

Aggregate distribution theorems over the WALS relativization chapters. Ch 122 (subjects): 166 languages; gap dominates, reflecting subjects' high accessibility on the [KC77] hierarchy. Ch 123 (obliques): 112 languages; gap remains most common, but pronoun retention is far more frequent than for subjects, and a sizeable minority cannot relativize obliques at all. Per-language WALS values are queried directly from the Data/WALS rows; per-language marker inventories live in Fragments/{Lang}/Relativization.lean.

theorem RelativeClause.gap_most_common_for_subjects : (List.filter (fun (x : Data.WALS.Datapoint Data.WALS.F122A.SubjectRelativization) => x.value == Data.WALS.F122A.SubjectRelativization.gap) RelativeClause.ch122✝).length > (List.filter (fun (x : Data.WALS.Datapoint Data.WALS.F122A.SubjectRelativization) => x.value == Data.WALS.F122A.SubjectRelativization.nonReduction) RelativeClause.ch122✝).length ∧ (List.filter (fun (x : Data.WALS.Datapoint Data.WALS.F122A.SubjectRelativization) => x.value == Data.WALS.F122A.SubjectRelativization.nonReduction) RelativeClause.ch122✝).length > (List.filter (fun (x : Data.WALS.Datapoint Data.WALS.F122A.SubjectRelativization) => x.value == Data.WALS.F122A.SubjectRelativization.relativePronoun) RelativeClause.ch122✝).length ∧ (List.filter (fun (x : Data.WALS.Datapoint Data.WALS.F122A.SubjectRelativization) => x.value == Data.WALS.F122A.SubjectRelativization.relativePronoun) RelativeClause.ch122✝).length > (List.filter (fun (x : Data.WALS.Datapoint Data.WALS.F122A.SubjectRelativization) => x.value == Data.WALS.F122A.SubjectRelativization.pronounRetention) RelativeClause.ch122✝).length

WALS Ch 122: gap is the most common subject relativization strategy, followed by non-reduction, relative pronoun, and pronoun retention.

theorem RelativeClause.retention_increases_for_obliques : (List.filter (fun (x : Data.WALS.Datapoint Data.WALS.F123A.ObliqueRelativization) => x.value == Data.WALS.F123A.ObliqueRelativization.pronounRetention) RelativeClause.ch123✝).length > (List.filter (fun (x : Data.WALS.Datapoint Data.WALS.F122A.SubjectRelativization) => x.value == Data.WALS.F122A.SubjectRelativization.pronounRetention) RelativeClause.ch122✝).length

WALS Chs 122/123: pronoun retention is more common for obliques than for subjects — a key Accessibility-Hierarchy prediction ([KC77]).

theorem RelativeClause.obliques_sometimes_not_relativizable : (List.filter (fun (x : Data.WALS.Datapoint Data.WALS.F123A.ObliqueRelativization) => x.value == Data.WALS.F123A.ObliqueRelativization.notPossible) RelativeClause.ch123✝).length > 0

WALS Ch 123: some languages cannot relativize obliques at all, contrasting with subjects, where the Ch 122 enum has no "not possible" value.