Noonan (2007): Complementation Typology + Bridge Theorems #
Noonan's complementation typology (six complement types, twelve CTP classes, realis/irrealis split, equi-deletion restriction, indicative implicational hierarchy) plus interconnection theorems linking it to existing linglib infrastructure.
Part I: Noonan's generalizations over the generated CTP sample #
Data rows are generated from Data/Complementation/Noonan2007.json
(module Data.Complementation.Noonan2007): a 7-language sample
(English §1.1 / Latin §1.3 / Turkish §1.4 / Irish §1.5 / Persian §2.3 /
Hindi-Urdu §2.3 / Japanese) testing three Noonan generalizations:
- G2: Equi-deletion restricted to reduced complement types (§2.1)
- G3: Negative raising restricted to propAttitude/desiderative (gap-filler)
- G4: Per-language indicative-desiderative implies indicative-propAttitude (§2.4)
Analytic caveats carried over from the hand-typed rows: Persian khastan and
Hindi-Urdu chaahna have hasEquiDeletion := false because their subjunctive
subject omission is pro-drop, not Noonan-equi; English hope has
hasNegativeRaising := true per §2.7's restriction of NR to
{propAttitude, desiderative, modal} (Horn 1989).
Part II: Bridge theorems #
Five bridges connecting CTPClass to existing infrastructure:
- CTPClass ↔ VerbEntry (Verbal.lean) — derive CTP class from verb features
- CTPClass ↔ SelectionClass (LeftPeriphery.lean) — map CTP to question embedding
- CTPClass ↔ MoodSelector (Mood/Basic.lean) — map CTP to mood selection
- ComplementType ↔ NoonanCompType — via the substrate adapter
ComplementType.toNoonan(Syntax/Clause/Complementation.lean) - VerbEntry → MoodSelector — derive mood selection from verb features
Equi-deletion only occurs when some attested complement type is reduced.
Negative raising verbs are exclusively propAttitude or desiderative.
Knowledge CTPs never support negative raising.
Does some row of this language's list attest an indicative complement
for CTP class cls?
Equations
- Noonan2007.hasIndicativeFor rows cls = rows.any fun (d : Data.Complementation.Datum) => d.ctpClass == cls && d.compTypes.any fun (x : NoonanCompType) => x == NoonanCompType.indicative
Instances For
[Noo07] §2.4: any sampled language using indicative with desideratives also uses it with propositional attitudes.
English is the only language in the sample with indicative-desiderative
(hope and wish), so English is the only place this implication has
nontrivial content. To extend this generalization further, add a
language with indicative-desiderative attestation (Modern Greek
thélo na + indicative-mood form; Bulgarian iskam da +
present-indicative form).
A1. Derive CTPClass from VerbEntry fields #
CTPClass is DERIVED from existing VerbEntry fields — not added as a new field.
This follows the deriveSelectionClass pattern from LeftPeriphery.lean.
Derive Noonan's CTP class from a VerbEntry's primitive fields.
The mapping uses levinClass, factivePresup, causative,
implicative, cosType, speechActVerb, and attitude:
- levinClass ==.see → perception (see)
- factivePresup → knowledge (know, realize, regret)
- causative.isSome → manipulative (cause, make, force)
- implicative.isSome → achievement (manage, fail)
- cosType.isSome → phasal (stop, start, continue)
- speechActVerb → utterance (say, tell)
- attitude doxastic → propAttitude (believe, think)
- attitude preferential positive → desiderative (want, hope)
- attitude preferential other → propAttitude (fear, worry)
- Otherwise → none
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
A2. Per-verb verification theorems #
Each theorem is proved by native_decide. Changing one VerbEntry field
breaks exactly one theorem.
B1. Map Noonan's CTP classes to Dayal's selection classes #
This connects two independent typological systems:
Default mapping from CTP class to selection class.
- Knowledge → responsive (know, remember: entail knowledge of answer)
- Utterance → rogativeSAP (ask, tell: speech-act layer)
- PropAttitude → uninterrogative (believe, think: no question embedding)
- Desiderative → uninterrogative (want, hope: anti-rogative)
- Perception → responsive (see: factive perception of answer)
- Achievement → uninterrogative (manage: no question embedding)
- Phasal → uninterrogative (stop: no question embedding)
- Manipulative → uninterrogative (make: no question embedding)
- Others → uninterrogative
Equations
- Noonan2007.ctpToDefaultSelectionClass CTPClass.knowledge = Minimalist.LeftPeriphery.SelectionClass.responsive
- Noonan2007.ctpToDefaultSelectionClass CTPClass.utterance = Minimalist.LeftPeriphery.SelectionClass.rogativeSAP
- Noonan2007.ctpToDefaultSelectionClass CTPClass.propAttitude = Minimalist.LeftPeriphery.SelectionClass.uninterrogative
- Noonan2007.ctpToDefaultSelectionClass CTPClass.desiderative = Minimalist.LeftPeriphery.SelectionClass.uninterrogative
- Noonan2007.ctpToDefaultSelectionClass CTPClass.perception = Minimalist.LeftPeriphery.SelectionClass.responsive
- Noonan2007.ctpToDefaultSelectionClass CTPClass.achievement = Minimalist.LeftPeriphery.SelectionClass.uninterrogative
- Noonan2007.ctpToDefaultSelectionClass CTPClass.phasal = Minimalist.LeftPeriphery.SelectionClass.uninterrogative
- Noonan2007.ctpToDefaultSelectionClass CTPClass.manipulative = Minimalist.LeftPeriphery.SelectionClass.uninterrogative
- Noonan2007.ctpToDefaultSelectionClass CTPClass.commentative = Minimalist.LeftPeriphery.SelectionClass.uninterrogative
- Noonan2007.ctpToDefaultSelectionClass CTPClass.pretence = Minimalist.LeftPeriphery.SelectionClass.uninterrogative
- Noonan2007.ctpToDefaultSelectionClass CTPClass.modal = Minimalist.LeftPeriphery.SelectionClass.uninterrogative
- Noonan2007.ctpToDefaultSelectionClass CTPClass.negative = Minimalist.LeftPeriphery.SelectionClass.uninterrogative
Instances For
B2. Consistency with deriveSelectionClass #
Verify that for verbs where CTP class is defined AND the verb takes questions, the two derivations agree. Note: many CTPs don't embed questions at all, so the comparison is only meaningful for question-taking verbs.
For question-embedding verbs with a CTP class, the CTP-based mapping matches the structural derivation from LeftPeriphery.lean.
This covers: know, discover, remember_rog, forget_rog (knowledge → responsive), ask (utterance → rogativeSAP).
C1. Map CTP classes to mood selection #
This connects Noonan's semantic CTP classes to [Men25]'s mood semantics. The realis/irrealis split predicts mood selection.
Map CTP class to mood selection. Realis CTPs select indicative; irrealis select subjunctive. Some are language-dependent (moodNeutral).
Equations
- Noonan2007.ctpToMoodSelector CTPClass.knowledge = Semantics.Mood.MoodSelector.indicativeSelecting
- Noonan2007.ctpToMoodSelector CTPClass.utterance = Semantics.Mood.MoodSelector.moodNeutral
- Noonan2007.ctpToMoodSelector CTPClass.propAttitude = Semantics.Mood.MoodSelector.indicativeSelecting
- Noonan2007.ctpToMoodSelector CTPClass.commentative = Semantics.Mood.MoodSelector.indicativeSelecting
- Noonan2007.ctpToMoodSelector CTPClass.perception = Semantics.Mood.MoodSelector.indicativeSelecting
- Noonan2007.ctpToMoodSelector CTPClass.desiderative = Semantics.Mood.MoodSelector.subjunctiveSelecting
- Noonan2007.ctpToMoodSelector CTPClass.manipulative = Semantics.Mood.MoodSelector.subjunctiveSelecting
- Noonan2007.ctpToMoodSelector CTPClass.modal = Semantics.Mood.MoodSelector.subjunctiveSelecting
- Noonan2007.ctpToMoodSelector CTPClass.achievement = Semantics.Mood.MoodSelector.moodNeutral
- Noonan2007.ctpToMoodSelector CTPClass.phasal = Semantics.Mood.MoodSelector.moodNeutral
- Noonan2007.ctpToMoodSelector CTPClass.pretence = Semantics.Mood.MoodSelector.subjunctiveSelecting
- Noonan2007.ctpToMoodSelector CTPClass.negative = Semantics.Mood.MoodSelector.subjunctiveSelecting
Instances For
Realis CTPs select indicative or are mood-neutral (never subjunctive-selecting).
Irrealis CTPs select subjunctive or are mood-neutral (never indicative-selecting).
D1. Map linglib's English-specific complement types to Noonan's #
typological categories
The adapter itself is substrate: ComplementType.toNoonan in
Syntax/Clause/Complementation.lean. The clausal-coverage check stays here.
Every English verb that takes a clausal complement maps to a Noonan type.
E1. Derive MoodSelector from VerbEntry fields #
This is placed in Bridge.lean (not Verbal.lean) to avoid circular imports:
it needs both Verbal and Mood/Basic. Follows the deriveSelectionClass pattern.
Derive mood selection from a VerbEntry's primitive fields.
The logic:
- Preferential positive + Levin want-class → subjunctive (want, wish)
- Preferential positive + non-want-class → crossLinguisticallyVariable (hope, expect: SBJV in some languages, IND in others; [Gra24] Table 1)
- Preferential negative/uncertainty attitude → indicative (fear, worry)
- Doxastic attitude → indicative (believe, think)
- Factive → indicative (know: presupposes truth)
- Perception (levinClass ==.see) → indicative (see)
- Speech-act verb → moodNeutral (say: varies cross-linguistically)
- Change-of-state → moodNeutral (stop: varies)
- Causative → subjunctive (make: irrealis)
- Implicative → moodNeutral (manage: varies)
- Otherwise → moodNeutral
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
E2. Per-verb mood selector verification #
F1. CTP class → mood selector consistency #
For verbs with a derivable CTP class, the mood selector derived directly from VerbEntry should be consistent with the CTP-based derivation.
The CTP-based mood mapping agrees with the direct derivation for representative verbs from each CTP class.
F2. Three-way agreement for key verbs #
For important verbs, all three classification systems agree:
- deriveCTPClass → CTP class
- deriveSelectionClass → question embedding
- deriveMoodSelector → mood selection
"know" is classified consistently across all three bridges: knowledge CTP, responsive selection, indicative mood.
"believe" is classified consistently: propAttitude CTP, uninterrogative, indicative mood.
"want" is classified consistently: desiderative CTP, uninterrogative (anti-rogative), subjunctive mood.
"ask" is classified consistently: utterance CTP, rogativeSAP, mood-neutral.
G1. Complement size by CTP class #
[Egr26] shows that complement size determines SOT availability in Hungarian. This bridge maps Noonan's CTP classes to their typical complement sizes, connecting the complementation typology to the clause-size infrastructure.
These are default sizes — individual languages may override (e.g., in Hungarian, hogy forces CP regardless of CTP class).
Default complement size for a CTP class.
Finite declarative complements are typically CP-sized. Restructuring predicates select smaller complements.
- utterance → CP (full finite with complementizer)
- propAttitude → CP (full finite that-clause)
- knowledge → CP (factive that-clause)
- perception → TP (small clause / reduced complement)
- desiderative → TP (subjunctive / infinitival)
- manipulative → TP (ECM / small clause)
- phasal → vP (restructuring)
- achievement → vP (restructuring)
- modal → TP (functional, shares T domain)
- commentative → CP (factive that-clause)
- pretence → CP (finite complement)
- negative → vP (restructuring)
Equations
- Noonan2007.ctpDefaultComplementSize CTPClass.utterance = Minimalist.ComplementSize.cP
- Noonan2007.ctpDefaultComplementSize CTPClass.propAttitude = Minimalist.ComplementSize.cP
- Noonan2007.ctpDefaultComplementSize CTPClass.knowledge = Minimalist.ComplementSize.cP
- Noonan2007.ctpDefaultComplementSize CTPClass.commentative = Minimalist.ComplementSize.cP
- Noonan2007.ctpDefaultComplementSize CTPClass.pretence = Minimalist.ComplementSize.cP
- Noonan2007.ctpDefaultComplementSize CTPClass.perception = Minimalist.ComplementSize.tP
- Noonan2007.ctpDefaultComplementSize CTPClass.desiderative = Minimalist.ComplementSize.tP
- Noonan2007.ctpDefaultComplementSize CTPClass.manipulative = Minimalist.ComplementSize.tP
- Noonan2007.ctpDefaultComplementSize CTPClass.modal = Minimalist.ComplementSize.tP
- Noonan2007.ctpDefaultComplementSize CTPClass.phasal = Minimalist.ComplementSize.vP
- Noonan2007.ctpDefaultComplementSize CTPClass.achievement = Minimalist.ComplementSize.vP
- Noonan2007.ctpDefaultComplementSize CTPClass.negative = Minimalist.ComplementSize.vP
Instances For
Utterance CTPs default to CP.
Propositional attitude CTPs default to CP.
Perception CTPs default to TP (small clause).
Phasal CTPs default to vP (restructuring).
CP-selecting CTPs are opaque to tense Agree.
TP-selecting and vP-selecting CTPs are transparent to tense Agree.