Istratkova (2004): On Multiple Prefixation in Bulgarian

[Ist04] documents the Bulgarian-distinctive feature of multiple prefixation: up to seven prefixes can stack on a single verbal root, with superlexical prefixes systematically outside lexical ones and outer prefixes taking scope over inner ones. Prefixes attach to both perfective and imperfective stems, and the large class of simplex homogeneous verbs (her ex. (2)) has no perfective counterparts and "remains aspectless", behaving as imperfective only by default — her analytical reclassification of the dictionary-imperfective simplexes, encoded as the study-level homogeneousSimplexes class (the fragment records the consensus imperfective value).

Her po- taxonomy distinguishes three superlexical po-'s: delimitative ('for a while', which does not stack), distributive (occurring only after iz-), and attenuative ('to a low degree', the one that stacks over other superlexicals). Where [Sve04]'s (3a) glosses stacked po- as DLMT, the analyses here follow her own labels (attenuative in a23c, distributive after iz- in a22b).

Main definitions

• homogeneousSimplexes — her ex. (2) class: the simplexes she analyses as aspectless (imperfective only by default).
• analyses — her classified examples: the (1)/(3) single-prefix derivations on homogeneous simplexes, and the (22b)/(23c) stacks on pro-dam 'sell'.

Main results

• analyses_wellStacked — every stack keeps superlexicals outside lexicals (Svenonius2004.WellStacked).
• pairsTable_stems_homogeneous — the (1)/(3)-table derivations attach to her homogeneous class, her quantization claim; per homogeneous_imperfective that class is dictionary-imperfective.
• analyses_match_segmentation — her hyphen segmentation equals each analysis' prefix-stem decomposition (all rows are citation forms).

def Istratkova2004.homogeneousSimplexes : List Verb.Stem

Her ex. (2) class: the simplex homogeneous verbs, which she analyses as aspectless — with no perfective counterparts, imperfective only by default. An analytical reclassification of fragment stems, so it lives here rather than as a fragment field.

Equations

• Istratkova2004.homogeneousSimplexes = [Bulgarian.Verbs.pisha, Bulgarian.Verbs.misla, Bulgarian.Verbs.znam, Bulgarian.Verbs.blesta, Bulgarian.Verbs.obicham, Bulgarian.Verbs.cheta]

Single-prefix analyses (her (1)/(3) tables)

def Istratkova2004.a1a : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(1a) za-piša 'put down in writing' — lexical za- on piša.

Equations

• Istratkova2004.a1a = { ex := Istratkova2004.Examples.ex_1a, stem := Bulgarian.Verbs.pisha, prefixes := [(Bulgarian.Verbs.za, Svenonius2004.PrefixClass.lexical)] }

def Istratkova2004.a3a : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(3a) iz-misl'a 'make up (a story)' — lexical iz- (idiosyncratic meaning shift) on misl'a.

Equations

• Istratkova2004.a3a = { ex := Istratkova2004.Examples.ex_3a, stem := Bulgarian.Verbs.misla, prefixes := [(Bulgarian.Verbs.iz, Svenonius2004.PrefixClass.lexical)] }

def Istratkova2004.a3b : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(3b) za-običam 'start to love' — superlexical inceptive za-.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a3c : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(3c) po-znam 'guess' — lexical po-: the fully idiosyncratic meaning is [Sve04]'s own lexicality diagnostic (56e); her table assigns no superlexical label.

Equations

• Istratkova2004.a3c = { ex := Istratkova2004.Examples.ex_3c, stem := Bulgarian.Verbs.znam, prefixes := [(Bulgarian.Verbs.po, Svenonius2004.PrefixClass.lexical)] }

def Istratkova2004.a3d : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(3d) za-blest'a 'start to glitter' — superlexical inceptive za-.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a3i : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(3i) pro-četa 'read completely' — lexical (quantizing) pro-: not in her superlexical inventory; the default perfectivization of četa.

Equations

• Istratkova2004.a3i = { ex := Istratkova2004.Examples.ex_3i, stem := Bulgarian.Verbs.cheta, prefixes := [(Bulgarian.Verbs.pro, Svenonius2004.PrefixClass.lexical)] }

Multi-prefix analyses (her §4 stacking data)

def Istratkova2004.a22b : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(22b) iz-po-na-pro-dam — completive iz-, distributive po- (her distributive po- occurs only after iz-), cumulative na-, all outside lexical pro- on dam.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.a23c : Svenonius2004.Analysis

(23c) po-na-pro-dam 'sell a few things' — attenuative po- over cumulative na- over lexical pro-: the stacking po- is her attenuative one (contrast [Sve04]'s DLMT gloss of (3a)).

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Istratkova2004.analyses : List Svenonius2004.Analysis

All analyses of this study.

Equations

• Istratkova2004.analyses = [Istratkova2004.a1a, Istratkova2004.a3a, Istratkova2004.a3b, Istratkova2004.a3c, Istratkova2004.a3d, Istratkova2004.a3i, Istratkova2004.a22b, Istratkova2004.a23c]

Results

theorem Istratkova2004.analyses_wellStacked (a : Svenonius2004.Analysis) (ha : a ∈ analyses) : Svenonius2004.WellStacked a.prefixes

Every analysis is well-stacked: superlexicals outside lexicals.

theorem Istratkova2004.pairsTable_stems_homogeneous (a : Svenonius2004.Analysis) (ha : a ∈ [a1a, a3a, a3b, a3c, a3d, a3i]) : a.stem ∈ homogeneousSimplexes

The (1)/(3)-table derivations attach to her homogeneous class: prefixation quantizes these verbs, after which they come in perfective-imperfective pairs.

theorem Istratkova2004.homogeneous_imperfective (s : Verb.Stem) (hs : s ∈ homogeneousSimplexes) : s.perfectivity = Semantics.Aspect.Perfectivity.imperfective

The homogeneous class is dictionary-imperfective — the consensus value her aspectless analysis reinterprets as default behaviour.

theorem Istratkova2004.analyses_match_segmentation (a : Svenonius2004.Analysis) (ha : a ∈ analyses) : a.MatchesSegmentation

Her hyphen segmentation equals each analysis' decomposition (all rows are 1sg-present citation forms).