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Linglib.Studies.GokselKerslake2005

Göksel & Kerslake 2005: Turkish Evidential TAM #

[GK05] [Cum26]

Bridge between Turkish TAM data and [Cum26]'s (S, A, T) evidential framework. The key prediction: Turkish -DI and -mIş differ in their evidential perspective constraint (EPCondition), not primarily in their temporal (UPCondition) constraint.

The -DI / -mIş contrast #

Both share the same utterance perspective: past (T < S). The evidential dimension is what distinguishes them — a prediction from the (S, A, T) framework applied to Turkish.

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def GokselKerslake2005.diEP :
Tense.Evidential.EPCondition

Turkish -DI (witnessed past): contemporaneous evidence acquisition. The speaker was present at the time of the event.

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    def GokselKerslake2005.mişEP :
    Tense.Evidential.EPCondition

    Turkish -mIş (indirect/reportative): strictly downstream evidence. The speaker learned about the event after it occurred.

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      def GokselKerslake2005.diUP :
      Tense.Evidential.UPCondition

      Both -DI and -mIş are past tense: T < S.

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        def GokselKerslake2005.mişUP :
        Tense.Evidential.UPCondition
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          theorem GokselKerslake2005.same_tense_different_evidence :
          diUP = mişUP ∧ diEP ≠ mişEP

          -DI and -mIş share temporal constraint but differ in evidential perspective.

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          theorem GokselKerslake2005.di_unique_direct :
          diEP = Tense.Evidential.EPCondition.contemporaneous

          -DI is the only category with contemporaneous EP (direct witness).

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          theorem GokselKerslake2005.miş_indirect :
          mişEP = Tense.Evidential.EPCondition.strictDownstream

          -mIş EP is strictly downstream — evidence comes after the event.

          Ordering predictions derived from the Fragment templates (Turkish.SuffixTemplate.verbTemplate/nounTemplate), checked as slot-position facts rather than re-typed rank tables.

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          theorem GokselKerslake2005.tam_slot_unique :
          List.count Turkish.SuffixTemplate.VerbSlot.tam Turkish.SuffixTemplate.verbTemplate.suffixSlots = 1

          The verbal template has a single TAM slot, so -DI and -mIş — both TAM-category suffixes — are in complementary distribution: a simplex verb form cannot carry both.

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          theorem GokselKerslake2005.negation_precedes_tam :
          List.idxOf Turkish.SuffixTemplate.VerbSlot.negation Turkish.SuffixTemplate.verbTemplate.suffixSlots < List.idxOf Turkish.SuffixTemplate.VerbSlot.tam Turkish.SuffixTemplate.verbTemplate.suffixSlots ∧ ∀ e ∈ Turkish.TAM.entries, e.isNegSymmetric = true → List.take 2 e.negSuffix.data = ['-', 'm']

          Negation strictly precedes TAM in the template, matching the surface order stem-NEG-TAM: every symmetric negative in the TAM inventory spells NEG before the TAM suffix (gel-me-di 'come-NEG-PST').

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          theorem GokselKerslake2005.question_is_outermost (s : Turkish.SuffixTemplate.VerbSlot) :
          s ∈ Turkish.SuffixTemplate.verbTemplate.suffixSlots → List.idxOf s Turkish.SuffixTemplate.verbTemplate.suffixSlots ≤ List.idxOf Turkish.SuffixTemplate.VerbSlot.question Turkish.SuffixTemplate.verbTemplate.suffixSlots

          The question particle mI fills the outermost verbal slot, following agreement: gel-di-m mi? (come-PST-1SG Q).

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          theorem GokselKerslake2005.noun_slot_order :
          List.idxOf Turkish.SuffixTemplate.NounSlot.plural Turkish.SuffixTemplate.nounTemplate.suffixSlots < List.idxOf Turkish.SuffixTemplate.NounSlot.possessive Turkish.SuffixTemplate.nounTemplate.suffixSlots ∧ List.idxOf Turkish.SuffixTemplate.NounSlot.possessive Turkish.SuffixTemplate.nounTemplate.suffixSlots < List.idxOf Turkish.SuffixTemplate.NounSlot.case Turkish.SuffixTemplate.nounTemplate.suffixSlots

          Nominal ordering: plural before possessive before case (ev-ler-im-de 'house-PL-1SG.POSS-LOC').

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          theorem GokselKerslake2005.progressive_I_resolution :
          Turkish.VowelHarmony.resolveI true false = Turkish.VowelHarmony.ı_vowel ∧ Turkish.VowelHarmony.resolveI false false = Turkish.VowelHarmony.i_vowel ∧ Turkish.VowelHarmony.resolveI true true = Turkish.VowelHarmony.u_vowel ∧ Turkish.VowelHarmony.resolveI false true = Turkish.VowelHarmony.ü_vowel

          The archiphonemic I in progressive -Iyor resolves to 4 surface vowels by stem harmony: kol → -ıyor, gel → -iyor, kork → -uyor, göz → -üyor.

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          theorem GokselKerslake2005.future_A_resolution :
          Turkish.VowelHarmony.resolveA true = Turkish.VowelHarmony.a_vowel ∧ Turkish.VowelHarmony.resolveA false = Turkish.VowelHarmony.e_vowel

          The archiphonemic A in future -(y)AcAK resolves to a/e by palatal harmony: kol → -(y)acak, gel → -(y)ecek.