Turkish coordinators

Turkish conjoins with the free word ve 'and', an Arabic loan, before the second coordinand, and with the enclitic de, da by vowel harmony, which follows the first word of the second coordinand, as in the example Haspelmath cites from Kornfilt. The enclitic is also the additive particle 'too', Turkish.FocusParticles.de. Noun phrases are also conjoined by -(y)lA, the comitative postposition 'with'. As a conjunction it attaches to the first conjunct, the two make a constituent that cannot be broken up, and as a subject they take plural agreement; as a postposition it follows the second noun phrase, which moves freely, and the verb agrees with the subject alone, as Kornfilt (§1.3.1.4) and Göksel and Kerslake (§12.2.2.4, §28.3.1.1) describe.

Main definitions

• Turkish.Coordination.ve, Turkish.Coordination.de, Turkish.Coordination.ile: the conjunctive coordinator, the additive enclitic and the comitative enclitic.

References

• [GK05]
• [Has07]
• [Kor97]

def Turkish.Coordination.ve : Coordinator

ve 'and'.

Equations

• Turkish.Coordination.ve = { morph := Morphology.Morph.free "ve", gloss := "and", role := Coordinator.Role.conjunctive }

def Turkish.Coordination.de : Coordinator

de 'and', enclitic in the second coordinand, also the additive particle Turkish.FocusParticles.de.

Equations

• Turkish.Coordination.de = { morph := Morphology.Morph.encl "de", gloss := "and", role := Coordinator.Role.conjunctive }

def Turkish.Coordination.ile : Coordinator

-(y)lA 'and', enclitic on the first of two noun phrases; also the comitative postposition Turkish.Adpositions.ile.

Equations

• Turkish.Coordination.ile = { morph := Morphology.Morph.encl "(y)lA", gloss := "and", role := Coordinator.Role.conjunctive }