Documentation

Linglib.Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors

Turkish Anaphors #

@cite{kornfilt-1997} @cite{goksel-kerslake-2005}

Turkish local anaphors relevant to binding theory and processing.

birbirleri (reciprocal) #

The preverbal reciprocal birbirleri 'each other' is subject to Principle A: it must be bound by a local, c-commanding, clause-mate antecedent (@cite{kornfilt-1997}). The antecedent must be plural.

Turkish's head-final structure places the reciprocal before the verb, which is critical for visual-world studies: the anaphor region precedes the verb region, ensuring that looks to antecedents at the anaphor reflect retrieval rather than post-verbal integration (@cite{bakay-etal-2026}).

The reciprocal receives case from the embedding predicate:

kendi (reflexive) #

The reflexive kendi 'self' is subject to similar Principle A constraints but can also function as an intensifier or logophor. Not formalized here.

source
inductive Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.AnaphorType :
Type

Type of Turkish local anaphor.

  • reciprocal : AnaphorType

    birbirleri 'each other' — requires plural antecedent

  • reflexive : AnaphorType

    kendi 'self' — can also be intensifier

Instances For
    source
    @[implicit_reducible]
    instance Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.instDecidableEqAnaphorType :
    DecidableEq AnaphorType
    Equations
    source
    @[implicit_reducible]
    instance Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.instReprAnaphorType :
    Repr AnaphorType
    Equations
    source
    def Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.instReprAnaphorType.repr :
    AnaphorType → ℕ → Std.Format
    Equations
    • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
    Instances For
      source
      def Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.AnaphorType.requiresPluralAntecedent :
      AnaphorType → Bool

      Is this anaphor type subject to a plurality requirement on its antecedent?

      Equations
      Instances For
        source
        structure Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.TurkishAnaphor :
        Type

        A Turkish local anaphor with its morphosyntactic properties.

        Binding constraints (Principle A: c-command + clause-mate + phi-match) come from the syntactic theory, not the fragment entry. The fragment supplies the classification and case marking.

        • anaphorType : AnaphorType

          Reciprocal or reflexive

        • caseMarking : Core.Case

          Case marking on the anaphor (determined by the verb/postposition)

        • preverbal : Bool

          Preverbal: appears before the verb in head-final Turkish. Relevant for processing studies: the anaphor region precedes the verb region.

        Instances For
          source
          @[implicit_reducible]
          instance Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.instReprTurkishAnaphor :
          Repr TurkishAnaphor
          Equations
          source
          def Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.instReprTurkishAnaphor.repr :
          TurkishAnaphor → ℕ → Std.Format
          Equations
          • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
          Instances For
            source
            def Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.birbirleriAcc :
            TurkishAnaphor

            birbirleri as direct object (ACC case). Used in @cite{bakay-etal-2026} Experiments 1–3 as the critical anaphor.

            Equations
            Instances For
              source
              def Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.birbirleriDat :
              TurkishAnaphor

              birbirleri as indirect object or postpositional complement (DAT case).

              Equations
              Instances For
                source
                def Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.birbirleriGen :
                TurkishAnaphor

                birbirleri as possessor (GEN case).

                Equations
                Instances For
                  source
                  theorem Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.birbirleriAcc_is_reciprocal :
                  birbirleriAcc.anaphorType = AnaphorType.reciprocal

                  All birbirleri variants are reciprocals

                  source
                  theorem Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.birbirleriDat_is_reciprocal :
                  birbirleriDat.anaphorType = AnaphorType.reciprocal
                  source
                  theorem Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.birbirleriGen_is_reciprocal :
                  birbirleriGen.anaphorType = AnaphorType.reciprocal
                  source
                  theorem Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.birbirleri_requires_plural :
                  birbirleriAcc.anaphorType.requiresPluralAntecedent = true

                  All birbirleri variants require plural antecedents

                  source
                  theorem Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.birbirleriAcc_preverbal :
                  birbirleriAcc.preverbal = true

                  All birbirleri variants are preverbal

                  source
                  def Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.experimentalCases :
                  List Core.Case

                  The case inventory of birbirleri forms used in @cite{bakay-etal-2026}

                  Equations
                  • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
                  Instances For
                    source
                    theorem Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.experimental_cases_valid (c : Core.Case) :
                    c ∈ experimentalCases → c ∈ Case.caseInventory

                    All experimental cases are in the Turkish case inventory