Toba Batak Relativization Fragment #

Two relative clause markers (discussed §1.3.2):

Gap construction (-case, covers SU only)
Resumptive pronoun (+case, covers IO/OBL/GEN)

DO cannot be relativized by either construction — a genuine gap in AH coverage, noted explicitly in the paper.

Data from [KC77] Table 1 and §1.3.2.

Gap construction. NP_rel is deleted. Postnominal RC. Covers subject only. The -case strategy is maximally restricted (like Arabic).

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def TobaBatak.relResumptive :

RelativeClause.Marker

Resumptive pronoun construction. NP_rel is a pronominal copy bearing case. Postnominal RC. Covers IO, OBL, GEN. Crucially does NOT cover DO — neither strategy can relativize direct objects in Toba Batak.

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def TobaBatak.relMarkers :

List RelativeClause.Marker

All Toba Batak relative clause markers.

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TobaBatak.relMarkers = [TobaBatak.relGap, TobaBatak.relResumptive]

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Toba Batak relativization profile (typological summary). The subjStrategy = .gap + oblStrategy = .pronounRetention pair is K&C's canonical "DO-gap-with-resumptive-elsewhere" datapoint; gap on subject, resumptive on IO/OBL/GEN, and DO genuinely cannot be relativized (a genuine gap in AH coverage). [KC77] §1.3.2.

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def TobaBatak.Relativization.subjStrategy :

RelativeClause.SubjStrategy

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