Tarifit phonology

This file defines the phonemes of Tarifit (Nador variety) as Afkir and Zellou chart them: the consonants of their Figure 6, the four vowels /a i u ə/, and the marginal /l/ and /p/ of recent loans. A phoneme is named by its IPA symbol, with feature values from the PHOIBLE chart, which has no Tarifit inventory. The coronal stops are dental, as the text calls them. Length is not a feature here: a geminate is a consonant on two timing slots, and geminates collects the consonants that the chart lists geminated.

The chart has no entry for the pharyngealized and labialized consonants, whose tongue-root and labial values PHOIBLE gives as contours, so each is the plain consonant with [+RTR] or with [+round] and [−labiodental]. The chart lists /ʕ/ among the fricatives, but the text groups it with /r/ as a sonorant that conditions vowels, and the count of rising, plateauing and falling onsets holds only with /ʕ/ above the tap, so /ʕ/ is the chart's segment as an approximant.

Main definitions

• Tarifit.consonants, Tarifit.geminates: the consonants of Figure 6, singly and geminated.
• Tarifit.vowels, Tarifit.marginal: the vowels, and the consonants of recent loans.
• Tarifit.ipa?: the IPA transcription of a phoneme.

References

• [AZ25b]
• [MMcC19]

def Tarifit.pharyngealization : Phonology.Segment

The departure of a pharyngealized consonant from the plain one.

Equations

• Tarifit.pharyngealization = Phonology.Segment.ofSpecs [(Phonology.Feature.rtr, true)]

def Tarifit.labialization : Phonology.Segment

The departure of a labialized consonant from the plain one.

Equations

• Tarifit.labialization = Phonology.Segment.ofSpecs [(Phonology.Feature.round, true), (Phonology.Feature.labiodental, false)]

Stops

def Tarifit.b : Phonology.Segment

The voiced bilabial stop /b/.

Equations

• Tarifit.b = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.b

def Tarifit.t : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless dental stop /t/.

Equations

• Tarifit.t = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«t̪»

def Tarifit.d : Phonology.Segment

The voiced dental stop /d/.

Equations

• Tarifit.d = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«d̪»

def Tarifit.«tˤ» : Phonology.Segment

The pharyngealized voiceless dental stop /tˤ/.

Equations

• Tarifit.«tˤ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«t̪» Tarifit.pharyngealization

def Tarifit.«dˤ» : Phonology.Segment

The pharyngealized voiced dental stop /dˤ/.

Equations

• Tarifit.«dˤ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«d̪» Tarifit.pharyngealization

def Tarifit.k : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless velar stop /k/.

Equations

• Tarifit.k = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.k

def Tarifit.g : Phonology.Segment

The voiced velar stop /g/.

Equations

• Tarifit.g = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«ɡ»

def Tarifit.«gˤ» : Phonology.Segment

The pharyngealized voiced velar stop /gˤ/.

Equations

• Tarifit.«gˤ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«ɡ» Tarifit.pharyngealization

def Tarifit.«kʷ» : Phonology.Segment

The labialized voiceless velar stop /kʷ/.

Equations

• Tarifit.«kʷ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.k Tarifit.labialization

def Tarifit.«gʷ» : Phonology.Segment

The labialized voiced velar stop /gʷ/.

Equations

• Tarifit.«gʷ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«ɡ» Tarifit.labialization

def Tarifit.q : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless uvular stop /q/.

Equations

• Tarifit.q = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.q

Sonorants

def Tarifit.m : Phonology.Segment

The bilabial nasal /m/.

Equations

• Tarifit.m = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.m

def Tarifit.«mˤ» : Phonology.Segment

The pharyngealized bilabial nasal /mˤ/.

Equations

• Tarifit.«mˤ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.m Tarifit.pharyngealization

def Tarifit.n : Phonology.Segment

The alveolar nasal /n/.

Equations

• Tarifit.n = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.n

def Tarifit.«nʷ» : Phonology.Segment

The labialized alveolar nasal /nʷ/.

Equations

• Tarifit.«nʷ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.n Tarifit.labialization

def Tarifit.j : Phonology.Segment

The palatal glide /j/.

Equations

• Tarifit.j = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.j

def Tarifit.«jʷ» : Phonology.Segment

The labialized palatal glide /jʷ/.

Equations

• Tarifit.«jʷ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.j Tarifit.labialization

def Tarifit.w : Phonology.Segment

The labial-velar glide /w/.

Equations

• Tarifit.w = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.w

Fricatives

def Tarifit.β : Phonology.Segment

The voiced bilabial fricative /β/.

Equations

• Tarifit.β = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.β

def Tarifit.f : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless labiodental fricative /f/.

Equations

• Tarifit.f = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.f

def Tarifit.θ : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless dental fricative /θ/.

Equations

• Tarifit.θ = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.θ

def Tarifit.ð : Phonology.Segment

The voiced dental fricative /ð/.

Equations

• Tarifit.ð = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.ð

def Tarifit.«ðˤ» : Phonology.Segment

The pharyngealized voiced dental fricative /ðˤ/.

Equations

• Tarifit.«ðˤ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.ð Tarifit.pharyngealization

def Tarifit.s : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless alveolar fricative /s/.

Equations

• Tarifit.s = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.s

def Tarifit.z : Phonology.Segment

The voiced alveolar fricative /z/.

Equations

• Tarifit.z = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.z

def Tarifit.«sˤ» : Phonology.Segment

The pharyngealized voiceless alveolar fricative /sˤ/.

Equations

• Tarifit.«sˤ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.s Tarifit.pharyngealization

def Tarifit.«zˤ» : Phonology.Segment

The pharyngealized voiced alveolar fricative /zˤ/.

Equations

• Tarifit.«zˤ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.z Tarifit.pharyngealization

def Tarifit.«ʃ» : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless postalveolar fricative /ʃ/.

Equations

• Tarifit.«ʃ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«ʃ»

def Tarifit.«ʒ» : Phonology.Segment

The voiced postalveolar fricative /ʒ/.

Equations

• Tarifit.«ʒ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«ʒ»

def Tarifit.«ʒˤ» : Phonology.Segment

The pharyngealized voiced postalveolar fricative /ʒˤ/.

Equations

• Tarifit.«ʒˤ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«ʒ» Tarifit.pharyngealization

def Tarifit.«ʃˤʷ» : Phonology.Segment

The pharyngealized labialized voiceless postalveolar fricative /ʃˤʷ/, which the chart lists only geminated.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Tarifit.χ : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless uvular fricative /χ/.

Equations

• Tarifit.χ = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.χ

def Tarifit.«χˤ» : Phonology.Segment

The pharyngealized voiceless uvular fricative /χˤ/.

Equations

• Tarifit.«χˤ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.χ Tarifit.pharyngealization

def Tarifit.«ʁ» : Phonology.Segment

The voiced uvular fricative /ʁ/.

Equations

• Tarifit.«ʁ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«ʁ»

def Tarifit.«ʁˤ» : Phonology.Segment

The pharyngealized voiced uvular fricative /ʁˤ/.

Equations

• Tarifit.«ʁˤ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«ʁ» Tarifit.pharyngealization

def Tarifit.ħ : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless pharyngeal fricative /ħ/.

Equations

• Tarifit.ħ = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.ħ

def Tarifit.«ʕ» : Phonology.Segment

The pharyngeal approximant /ʕ/.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Tarifit.h : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless glottal fricative /h/.

Equations

• Tarifit.h = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.h

Affricates and taps

def Tarifit.«tʃ» : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless postalveolar affricate /tʃ/.

Equations

• Tarifit.«tʃ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«t̠ʃ»

def Tarifit.«dʒ» : Phonology.Segment

The voiced postalveolar affricate /dʒ/.

Equations

• Tarifit.«dʒ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«d̠ʒ»

def Tarifit.r : Phonology.Segment

The alveolar tap /r/.

Equations

• Tarifit.r = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«ɾ»

def Tarifit.«rˤ» : Phonology.Segment

The pharyngealized alveolar tap /rˤ/.

Equations

• Tarifit.«rˤ» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«ɾ» Tarifit.pharyngealization

Vowels and loan consonants

def Tarifit.a : Phonology.Segment

The open vowel /a/.

Equations

• Tarifit.a = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.a

def Tarifit.i : Phonology.Segment

The close front vowel /i/.

Equations

• Tarifit.i = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.i

def Tarifit.u : Phonology.Segment

The close back vowel /u/.

Equations

• Tarifit.u = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.u

def Tarifit.«ə» : Phonology.Segment

The schwa /ə/.

Equations

• Tarifit.«ə» = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.«ə»

def Tarifit.l : Phonology.Segment

The alveolar lateral /l/, which merged with /r/ and returned in recent loans.

Equations

• Tarifit.l = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.l

def Tarifit.p : Phonology.Segment

The voiceless bilabial stop /p/ of loans from Spanish and French.

Equations

• Tarifit.p = Phonology.Segment.ofChart Data.PHOIBLE.FeatureMatrix.p

The inventory

def Tarifit.consonants : Finset Phonology.Segment

The consonants of Figure 6, singly.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Tarifit.geminates : Finset Phonology.Segment

The consonants that Figure 6 lists geminated, each a consonant on two timing slots.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Tarifit.vowels : Finset Phonology.Segment

The vowels: the full vowels /a i u/ and the schwa.

Equations

• Tarifit.vowels = { val := ↑[Tarifit.a, Tarifit.i, Tarifit.u, Tarifit.«ə»], nodup := Tarifit.vowels._proof_2 }

def Tarifit.marginal : Finset Phonology.Segment

The consonants of recent loans outside Figure 6.

Equations

• Tarifit.marginal = { val := ↑[Tarifit.l, Tarifit.p], nodup := Tarifit.marginal._proof_2 }

def Tarifit.transcriptions : List (Phonology.Segment × String)

The phonemes, each with its IPA transcription.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Tarifit.ipa? (x : Phonology.Segment) : Option String

The IPA transcription of a phoneme.

Equations

• Tarifit.ipa? x = List.lookup x Tarifit.transcriptions