Tamil pronouns and the allocutive marker

This file defines the personal pronouns of colloquial Tamil and its allocutive marker. The first person plural distinguishes the inclusive naam from the exclusive naan-ŋgæ, the clusivity contrast of the Dravidian languages; the second person sets the familiar nii against nii-ŋgæ, which serves as the plural and as the polite singular; the third person singular has the masculine avan, the feminine avaɭ and the polite avar, and the plural is avan-ŋgæ. The suffix -ŋgæ is the plural of nouns and pronouns alike, maram-ŋgæ 'trees', underlyingly -ŋgæɭ with a final -ɭ that surfaces before a vowel, and on the finite verb it is the allocutive marker of politeness to the addressee, used, as McFadden puts it, with those one would address as nii-ŋgæ. Levinson's further addressee honorifics, the mid -ppaa and -maa and the low -ɖaa and -ɖii, McFadden keeps apart from -ŋgæ in grammatical terms, and they are not recorded here. The forms are in McFadden's transcription as Alok and Bhalla reproduce them.

Main definitions

• Tamil.Pronouns.pronouns: the personal pronouns.
• Tamil.Pronouns.addressee, Tamil.Pronouns.thirdSg: the singular pronouns at each grade.
• Tamil.Pronouns.pluralSuffix: the plural suffix, which is also the allocutive marker.

References

• [AB26]
• [McF26]

inductive Tamil.Grade : Type

The honorific grades of Tamil pronouns and allocutive marking, lowest first.

• familiar : Grade

  The familiar grade, nii, avan and avaɭ.

• polite : Grade

  The polite grade, nii-ŋgæ and avar.

@[instance_reducible]

instance Tamil.instDecidableEqGrade : DecidableEq Grade

Equations

• Tamil.instDecidableEqGrade x✝ y✝ = if h : x✝.ctorIdx = y✝.ctorIdx then isTrue ⋯ else isFalse ⋯

@[instance_reducible]

instance Tamil.instFintypeGrade : Fintype Grade

Equations

• Tamil.instFintypeGrade = { elems := { val := ↑Tamil.Grade.enumList, nodup := Tamil.Grade.enumList_nodup }, complete := Tamil.instFintypeGrade._proof_1 }

@[instance_reducible]

instance Tamil.instReprGrade : Repr Grade

Equations

• Tamil.instReprGrade = { reprPrec := Tamil.instReprGrade.repr }

def Tamil.instReprGrade.repr : Grade → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• Tamil.instReprGrade.repr Tamil.Grade.familiar prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Tamil.Grade.familiar")).group prec✝
• Tamil.instReprGrade.repr Tamil.Grade.polite prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Tamil.Grade.polite")).group prec✝

@[instance_reducible]

instance Tamil.instLinearOrderGrade : LinearOrder Grade

Equations

• Tamil.instLinearOrderGrade = LinearOrder.lift' Tamil.Grade.ctorIdx Tamil.instLinearOrderGrade._proof_1

Personal pronouns

def Tamil.Pronouns.naan : PersonalPronoun

The first person singular naan.

Equations

• Tamil.Pronouns.naan = { form := "naan", person := some Person.first, number := some Number.singular }

def Tamil.Pronouns.naam : PersonalPronoun

The first person plural inclusive naam.

Equations

• Tamil.Pronouns.naam = { form := "naam", person := some Person.firstInclusive, number := some Number.plural }

def Tamil.Pronouns.naanŋgæ : PersonalPronoun

The first person plural exclusive naan-ŋgæ, the plural of naan.

Equations

• Tamil.Pronouns.naanŋgæ = { form := "naan-ŋgæ", person := some Person.firstExclusive, number := some Number.plural }

def Tamil.Pronouns.nii : PersonalPronoun

The familiar second person singular nii.

Equations

• Tamil.Pronouns.nii = { form := "nii", person := some Person.second, number := some Number.singular }

def Tamil.Pronouns.niiŋgæ : PersonalPronoun

The second person plural nii-ŋgæ, which is also the polite singular.

Equations

• Tamil.Pronouns.niiŋgæ = { form := "nii-ŋgæ", person := some Person.second, number := some Number.plural, referential := {Person.Category.addressee, Person.Category.addresseeOthers} }

def Tamil.Pronouns.avan : PersonalPronoun

The third person singular masculine avan.

Equations

• Tamil.Pronouns.avan = { form := "avan", person := some Person.third, number := some Number.singular, gender := some Gender.masculine }

def Tamil.Pronouns.avaL : PersonalPronoun

The third person singular feminine avaɭ.

Equations

• Tamil.Pronouns.avaL = { form := "avaɭ", person := some Person.third, number := some Number.singular, gender := some Gender.feminine }

def Tamil.Pronouns.avar : PersonalPronoun

The polite third person singular avar.

Equations

• Tamil.Pronouns.avar = { form := "avar", person := some Person.third, number := some Number.singular }

def Tamil.Pronouns.avanŋgæ : PersonalPronoun

The third person plural avan-ŋgæ, the plural of avan.

Equations

• Tamil.Pronouns.avanŋgæ = { form := "avan-ŋgæ", person := some Person.third, number := some Number.plural, gender := some Gender.masculine }

def Tamil.Pronouns.addressee : Grade → PersonalPronoun

The second person singular at each grade.

Equations

• Tamil.Pronouns.addressee Tamil.Grade.familiar = Tamil.Pronouns.nii
• Tamil.Pronouns.addressee Tamil.Grade.polite = Tamil.Pronouns.niiŋgæ

def Tamil.Pronouns.thirdSg : Grade → Finset PersonalPronoun

The third person singular pronouns at each grade, avan and avaɭ by gender at the familiar grade.

Equations

• Tamil.Pronouns.thirdSg Tamil.Grade.familiar = {Tamil.Pronouns.avan, Tamil.Pronouns.avaL}
• Tamil.Pronouns.thirdSg Tamil.Grade.polite = {Tamil.Pronouns.avar}

def Tamil.Pronouns.pronouns : Finset PersonalPronoun

The personal pronouns.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

The plural suffix and the allocutive marker

def Tamil.Pronouns.pluralSuffix : String

The plural suffix -ŋgæ of nouns and pronouns, which on the finite verb marks politeness to the addressee.

Equations

• Tamil.Pronouns.pluralSuffix = "-ŋgæ"