Swedish Question Particles #
@cite{seeliger-repp-2018}
Lexical entries for Swedish modal particles that occur in declarative
questions. The fragment commits only to theory-neutral lexical primitives;
the left-peripheral layer assignment lives in
Phenomena.Questions.Studies.SeeligerRepp2018.
Particles #
| Particle | Function | Position | DQ type |
|---|---|---|---|
| väl | question-inducing modal particle | clause-medial (after finite V) | PDQ / NRQ |
Swedish väl signals that the speaker is not certain about the proposition but suspects it to be true, and expects confirmation from the addressee. It is functionally similar to German wohl but unlike wohl, väl can also occur in rejecting questions (NRQs) when combined with fronted negation.
Crucially, väl is distinct from jo (in AnswerParticles.lean):
- jo is a polarity-reversing answer particle — it answers negative questions with positive polarity
- väl is a modal particle that turns declaratives into questions — it marks speaker uncertainty and invites addressee confirmation
Other Swedish particles #
Swedish also has clause-initial visst and nog which can mark PRQs, but these are not formalized here. @cite{seeliger-repp-2018} note that visst/nog have no overlap in meaning with väl in clause-medial position, and their clause-initial uses require further investigation.
Cross-Module Connections #
Fragments.Swedish.AnswerParticles: jo (polarity reversal, not DQ marking)Fragments.German.QuestionParticles: doch wohl (German RQ marker)Semantics.Questions.DeclarativeQuestions: bias profile typology
A Swedish question/modal particle entry.
- form : String
- gloss : String
- polarOk : Bool
Compatible with polar questions (declarative syntax)?
- declOk : Bool
Compatible with declarative assertions?
- whOk : Bool
Compatible with wh-questions?
- requiresEvidentialBias : Bool
Does this particle require evidential bias (contextual evidence)?
- signalsEpistemicUncertainty : Bool
Does this particle signal epistemic uncertainty?
- questionInducing : Bool
Is this particle question-inducing?
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väl — question-inducing modal particle.
@cite{seeliger-repp-2018} SS 5.2: väl signals that the speaker is not certain about the proposition but suspects it to be true. The speaker expects a confirmation from the addressee. Declaratives with väl cannot be assertions — they are declarative questions.
Positive väl-declaratives have the bias profile of PDQs: evidential [+positive], epistemic [-positive].
When combined with fronted negation (inte), väl can mark NRQs: "Inte kommer Peter?" / "Peter kommer väl inte?"
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