Swahili verbs

This file defines the Swahili verbs of Palmieri's appendix on lexical reciprocity: nine verbs in -an- with a lexicalized reciprocal entry and the eight binary bases they derive from. Palmieri diagnoses the reciprocal entries as lexical by singular predication, under a modal and in the habitual, and by the order of the reciprocal against the applicative and causative suffixes. Some bases have drifted in meaning, pambana 'fight' from pamba 'decorate', and jibizana 'discuss' has no binary base at all. The reciprocal marker and the derivational pairs are in Reciprocals.lean.

Main definitions

• Swahili.Verbs.achana, gawana, gombana, gongana, jibizana, pambana, patana, pigana, shindana: the lexical reciprocals
• Swahili.Verbs.acha, gawa, gomba, gonga, pamba, pata, piga, shinda: their binary bases

References

• G. Palmieri, Lexical and Grammatical Reciprocity: Perspectives from Romance, Bantu and Beyond (2024)

Lexical reciprocal verbs

def Swahili.Verbs.achana : Verb

achana 'break up, divorce'.

Equations

• Swahili.Verbs.achana = { valency := Verb.Valency.ofFrame ArgumentFrame.intransitive, morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root "achana"] }

def Swahili.Verbs.gawana : Verb

gawana 'share'.

Equations

• Swahili.Verbs.gawana = { valency := Verb.Valency.ofFrame ArgumentFrame.intransitive, morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root "gawana"] }

def Swahili.Verbs.gombana : Verb

gombana 'quarrel'.

Equations

• Swahili.Verbs.gombana = { valency := Verb.Valency.ofFrame ArgumentFrame.intransitive, morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root "gombana"] }

def Swahili.Verbs.gongana : Verb

gongana 'collide'.

Equations

• Swahili.Verbs.gongana = { valency := Verb.Valency.ofFrame ArgumentFrame.intransitive, morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root "gongana"] }

def Swahili.Verbs.jibizana : Verb

jibizana 'discuss, talk, dialogue', which has no binary base.

Equations

• Swahili.Verbs.jibizana = { valency := Verb.Valency.ofFrame ArgumentFrame.intransitive, morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root "jibizana"] }

def Swahili.Verbs.pambana : Verb

pambana 'fight, be in conflict'.

Equations

• Swahili.Verbs.pambana = { valency := Verb.Valency.ofFrame ArgumentFrame.intransitive, morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root "pambana"] }

def Swahili.Verbs.patana : Verb

patana 'agree'.

Equations

• Swahili.Verbs.patana = { valency := Verb.Valency.ofFrame ArgumentFrame.intransitive, morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root "patana"] }

def Swahili.Verbs.pigana : Verb

pigana 'fight'.

Equations

• Swahili.Verbs.pigana = { valency := Verb.Valency.ofFrame ArgumentFrame.intransitive, morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root "pigana"] }

def Swahili.Verbs.shindana : Verb

shindana 'compete'.

Equations

• Swahili.Verbs.shindana = { valency := Verb.Valency.ofFrame ArgumentFrame.intransitive, morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root "shindana"] }

Binary bases

def Swahili.Verbs.acha : Verb

acha 'leave, abandon'.

Equations

• Swahili.Verbs.acha = { valency := Verb.Valency.ofFrame ArgumentFrame.np, morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root "acha"] }

def Swahili.Verbs.gawa : Verb

gawa 'distribute'.

Equations

• Swahili.Verbs.gawa = { valency := Verb.Valency.ofFrame ArgumentFrame.np, morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root "gawa"] }

def Swahili.Verbs.gomba : Verb

gomba 'argue with'.

Equations

• Swahili.Verbs.gomba = { valency := Verb.Valency.ofFrame ArgumentFrame.np, morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root "gomba"] }

def Swahili.Verbs.gonga : Verb

gonga 'crash against'.

Equations

• Swahili.Verbs.gonga = { valency := Verb.Valency.ofFrame ArgumentFrame.np, morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root "gonga"] }

def Swahili.Verbs.pamba : Verb

pamba 'decorate'.

Equations

• Swahili.Verbs.pamba = { valency := Verb.Valency.ofFrame ArgumentFrame.np, morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root "pamba"] }

def Swahili.Verbs.pata : Verb

pata 'find'.

Equations

• Swahili.Verbs.pata = { valency := Verb.Valency.ofFrame ArgumentFrame.np, morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root "pata"] }

def Swahili.Verbs.piga : Verb

piga 'hit'.

Equations

• Swahili.Verbs.piga = { valency := Verb.Valency.ofFrame ArgumentFrame.np, morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root "piga"] }

def Swahili.Verbs.shinda : Verb

shinda 'defeat'.

Equations

• Swahili.Verbs.shinda = { valency := Verb.Valency.ofFrame ArgumentFrame.np, morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root "shinda"] }