Spanish Pronoun Fragment

[AZ25a]

Personal pronouns (strong forms) for Spanish, including the polite pronoun USTED.

T/V distinction

Spanish has a T/V distinction:

• Singular: tú (familiar T) vs usted (formal V, 3sg agreement)
• Plural: vosotros (familiar, Peninsular) vs ustedes (formal / general)

USTED and the PCC

Like Italian LEI, USTED triggers 3sg verbal agreement but is interpretably 2nd person. [Rez11] observes PCC effects with USTED: the accusative clitic la is grammatical in a 3>3 configuration if its referent is 3rd person, but ungrammatical as polite USTED (§6.1, (43)).

USTED's forms are identical to the 3sg feminine series in some cases (like LEI), though it also has the dedicated citation form usted. Unlike Italian LEI, USTED can also be used in laísta varieties where 3rd person clitics for animates are le (syncretic with dative).

def Spanish.Pronouns.yo : PersonalPronoun

yo — 1sg.

Equations

• Spanish.Pronouns.yo = { form := "yo", person := some Person.first, number := some Number.singular }

def Spanish.Pronouns.tu : PersonalPronoun

tú — 2sg familiar (T form).

Equations

• Spanish.Pronouns.tu = { form := "tú", person := some Person.second, number := some Number.singular }

def Spanish.Pronouns.usted : PersonalPronoun

usted — polite 2sg (V form, triggers 3sg agreement). Agreement person is 3rd, interpretable person is 2nd. Triggers PCC effects: la as USTED.ACC is banned in 3>USTED configurations ([Rez11], [AZ25a] §6.1). [AZ25a]

Equations

• Spanish.Pronouns.usted = { form := "usted", person := some Person.third, number := some Number.singular, register := Features.Register.Level.formal, referentialPerson := some Person.second }

def Spanish.Pronouns.el : PersonalPronoun

él — 3sg masculine.

Equations

• Spanish.Pronouns.el = { form := "él", person := some Person.third, number := some Number.singular }

def Spanish.Pronouns.ella : PersonalPronoun

ella — 3sg feminine.

Equations

• Spanish.Pronouns.ella = { form := "ella", person := some Person.third, number := some Number.singular }

def Spanish.Pronouns.nosotros : PersonalPronoun

nosotros — 1pl.

Equations

• Spanish.Pronouns.nosotros = { form := "nosotros", person := some Person.first, number := some Number.plural }

def Spanish.Pronouns.vosotros : PersonalPronoun

vosotros — 2pl familiar (Peninsular).

Equations

• Spanish.Pronouns.vosotros = { form := "vosotros", person := some Person.second, number := some Number.plural }

def Spanish.Pronouns.ustedes : PersonalPronoun

ustedes — 2pl formal / general (triggers 3pl agreement).

Equations

• Spanish.Pronouns.ustedes = { form := "ustedes", person := some Person.third, number := some Number.plural, register := Features.Register.Level.formal, referentialPerson := some Person.second }

def Spanish.Pronouns.ellos : PersonalPronoun

ellos — 3pl masculine.

Equations

• Spanish.Pronouns.ellos = { form := "ellos", person := some Person.third, number := some Number.plural }

def Spanish.Pronouns.allPronouns : List PersonalPronoun

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

theorem Spanish.Pronouns.tv_distinction : tu.register = Features.Register.Level.informal ∧ usted.register = Features.Register.Level.formal

T/V distinction: tú is informal, usted is formal.

theorem Spanish.Pronouns.usted_dual_person : usted.person = some Person.third ∧ usted.referentialPerson = some Person.second

USTED has 3rd person agreement features but 2nd person interpretable features. [AZ25a]

theorem Spanish.Pronouns.ustedes_dual_person : ustedes.person = some Person.third ∧ ustedes.referentialPerson = some Person.second

ustedes (2pl formal) also has dual person features.

theorem Spanish.Pronouns.has_all_persons : (allPronouns.any fun (x : PersonalPronoun) => x.person == some Person.first) = true ∧ (allPronouns.any fun (x : PersonalPronoun) => x.person == some Person.second) = true ∧ (allPronouns.any fun (x : PersonalPronoun) => x.person == some Person.third) = true

All three persons are attested.