Russian question particles

Russian marks formal polar questions with the second-position enclitic li, obligatory in embedded polar questions, while colloquial matrix polar questions are marked by intonation alone and can be used rhetorically ([ER23]). The clause-initial mirative razve cannot be used in embedded interrogatives or in wh-interrogatives ([Sim24] §4.2.4, after Korotkova); neuželi is its sibling that lexicalizes VERUM.

References

• [ER23]
• [Sim24]
• [RG22]

def Russian.QuestionParticles.li : Particle

ли li is the neutral polar question particle (formal register), a second-position enclitic on the focused constituent.

Equations

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def Russian.QuestionParticles.razve : Particle

разве razve is the mirative/dubitative question particle, signalling conflict between the speaker's prior epistemic state and current contextual evidence.

Equations

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def Russian.QuestionParticles.neuzeli : Particle

неужели neuželi is the mirative question particle that, unlike razve, lexicalizes VERUM and so combines with inner negation only ([RG22] as reported by [Sim24]).

Equations

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