Russian question particles #
Russian marks formal polar questions with the second-position enclitic li, obligatory in subordinated polar questions, while colloquial matrix polar questions are marked by intonation alone (and can be used rhetorically, [ER23]). The clause-initial mirative razve is restricted to matrix polar questions ([Sim24] §4.2.4).
ли li is the neutral polar question particle (formal register), a second-position enclitic on the focused constituent.
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разве razve is the mirative/dubitative question particle, signalling conflict between the speaker's prior epistemic state and current contextual evidence.
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All Russian question particles indexed in this file.