Documentation

Linglib.Fragments.Slavic.Russian.PolarityItems

Russian Polarity-Sensitive Items #

[Has97] [Zei04] [Gia98]

Russian indefinite-pronoun polarity items, typed by the theory-neutral categories from Semantics.Polarity. The classification follows [Has97]'s implicational map for the Russian series: the -либо series spans the weak-NPI functions (irrealis non-specific, question, conditional, comparative, indirect negation), while the ни- series occupies the direct negation function as strict negative-concord items, obligatorily co-occurring with clausemate verbal negation не.

The strict-NC ни- series carries licensor := some .antiMorphic: clausemate не is the only anti-morphic environment, so strict concord is characterized exactly by the licensing keystone (niSeries_licensing_characterized).

Weak NPI (the -либо series) #

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def Russian.PolarityItems.ktoLibo :
Semantics.Polarity.Item

кто-либо (kto-libo) — weak NPI. The -либо series is licensed across the DE functions of [Has97]'s map: questions, conditionals, comparatives, and indirect (non-clausemate) negation — distinct from the direct-negation ни- series below.

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    Strict-NC ни- words (the direct-negation series) #

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    def Russian.PolarityItems.nikto :
    Semantics.Polarity.Item

    никто (nikto) — strict-NC n-word ('nobody'). Direct-negation series; requires clausemate negation: 'nikto ne prišël' (nobody NEG came).

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      def Russian.PolarityItems.nichego :
      Semantics.Polarity.Item

      ничего (nichego) — non-human strict-NC n-word ('nothing'). 'Ničego ne videl' = '(I) saw nothing'.

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        def Russian.PolarityItems.nikogda :
        Semantics.Polarity.Item

        никогда (nikogda) — temporal strict-NC n-word ('never'). 'Nikogda ne prixodil' = '(He) never came'.

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          Free choice item #

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          def Russian.PolarityItems.ktoUgodno :
          Semantics.Polarity.Item

          кто угодно (kto ugodno) — free choice item. Universal-like: 'anyone at all'.

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            Inventory #

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            def Russian.PolarityItems.items :
            List Semantics.Polarity.Item

            The Russian polarity-item inventory: the Fragment-side joint listing every polarity item this fragment defines.

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              Verification #

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              theorem Russian.PolarityItems.niSeries_licensing_characterized (e : Semantics.Polarity.Item) :
              e ∈ [nikto, nichego, nikogda] → ∀ (c : Features.LicensingContext), c.licenses e ↔ c ∈ e.licensingContexts

              The strict-NC ни- series characterized exactly: clausemate не is the only licensing environment.

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              theorem Russian.PolarityItems.russian_licensing_sound (e : Semantics.Polarity.Item) :
              e ∈ items → ∀ c ∈ e.licensingContexts, c.licenses e

              Every attested context of every entry is predicted licensed.

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              theorem Russian.PolarityItems.npis_strengthening (e : Semantics.Polarity.Item) :
              e ∈ items → e.isNPI → e.scalarDirection = Semantics.Polarity.ScalarDirection.strengthening

              Every NPI in the inventory is scalar-strengthening. The free-choice kto ugodno is correctly excluded by the substrate isNPI guard rather than dropped from a hand-listed sublist.