Documentation

Linglib.Fragments.Slavic.Russian.PolarityItems

Russian Polarity-Sensitive Items #

[Has97] [Zei04] [Gia98]

Russian indefinite-pronoun polarity items, typed by the theory-neutral categories from Semantics.Polarity. The classification follows [Has97]'s implicational map for the Russian series: the -либо series spans the weak-NPI functions (irrealis non-specific, question, conditional, comparative, indirect negation), while the ни- series occupies the direct negation function as strict negative-concord items, obligatorily co-occurring with clausemate verbal negation не.

The substrate has no dedicated n-word/negative-concord PolarityType case (negative concord is a planned extension), so the strict-NC ни- series is approximated as .npiStrong (anti-additive licensing) — the same choice the Czech sibling fragment makes for its cognate ni- series.

Weak NPI (the -либо series) #

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def Russian.PolarityItems.ktoLibo :
Semantics.Polarity.PolarityItemEntry

кто-либо (kto-libo) — weak NPI. The -либо series is licensed across the DE functions of [Has97]'s map: questions, conditionals, comparatives, and indirect (non-clausemate) negation — distinct from the direct-negation ни- series below.

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    Strict-NC ни- words (the direct-negation series) #

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    def Russian.PolarityItems.nikto :
    Semantics.Polarity.PolarityItemEntry

    никто (nikto) — strict-NC n-word ('nobody'). Direct-negation series; requires clausemate negation: 'nikto ne prišël' (nobody NEG came).

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      def Russian.PolarityItems.nichego :
      Semantics.Polarity.PolarityItemEntry

      ничего (nichego) — non-human strict-NC n-word ('nothing'). 'Ničego ne videl' = '(I) saw nothing'.

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        def Russian.PolarityItems.nikogda :
        Semantics.Polarity.PolarityItemEntry

        никогда (nikogda) — temporal strict-NC n-word ('never'). 'Nikogda ne prixodil' = '(He) never came'.

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          Free choice item #

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          def Russian.PolarityItems.ktoUgodno :
          Semantics.Polarity.PolarityItemEntry

          кто угодно (kto ugodno) — free choice item. Universal-like: 'anyone at all'.

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            Inventory #

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            def Russian.PolarityItems.items :
            List Semantics.Polarity.PolarityItemEntry

            The Russian polarity-item inventory: the Fragment-side joint listing every polarity item this fragment defines.

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              Verification #

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              theorem Russian.PolarityItems.nikto_ktoUgodno_distinct :
              nikto.polarityType ≠ ktoUgodno.polarityType

              The strict-NC ни- word nikto and the free-choice kto ugodno have distinct polarity types.

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              theorem Russian.PolarityItems.npis_strengthening (e : Semantics.Polarity.PolarityItemEntry) :
              e ∈ items → e.isNPI → e.scalarDirection = Semantics.Polarity.ScalarDirection.strengthening

              Every NPI in the inventory is scalar-strengthening. The free-choice kto ugodno is correctly excluded by the substrate isNPI guard rather than dropped from a hand-listed sublist.

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              theorem Russian.PolarityItems.niSeries_are_nwords (e : Semantics.Polarity.PolarityItemEntry) :
              e ∈ items → e.polarityType = Semantics.Polarity.PolarityType.npiStrong → e.nWordStatus = some Features.NegativeConcord.NWordStatus.nWord

              The strict-NC ни- series is classified as n-words via nWordStatus, no longer leaning on the strong-NPI polarityType slot: every .npiStrong entry in the inventory carries some .nWord.