Russian polarity items

This file gives the Russian indefinite polarity items, typed by PolarityItem, the person row taking its forms from Russian.Indefinites, after Haspelmath's map of the Russian series: the -libo series spans the functions of a weak negative polarity item, questions, conditionals, comparatives and indirect negation; the ni- series occupies direct negation as negative concord items, which co-occur with clausemate verbal negation ne, as Zeijlstra and Giannakidou describe them; and kto ugodno is a free-choice item.

The concord items carry licensor := some .antiMorphic, so a context licenses them exactly when its licenser is anti-morphic, which among the named contexts is clausemate ne alone (niSeries_licensing_characterized).

References

• [Has97]
• [Zei04]
• [Gia98]

The -libo series

def Russian.PolarityItems.ktoLibo : PolarityItem

kto-libo (кто-либо) 'anyone', a weak negative polarity item, licensed in questions, conditionals, comparatives and under indirect negation.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

The ni- series

def Russian.PolarityItems.nikto : PolarityItem

nikto (никто) 'nobody', a negative concord item that requires clausemate negation, nikto ne prišël 'nobody came'.

Equations

• Russian.PolarityItems.nikto = { form := Russian.Indefinites.nikto.form, licensor := some PolarityItem.DEStrength.antiMorphic, licensingContexts := [PolarityItem.LicensingContext.negation] }

def Russian.PolarityItems.nichego : PolarityItem

ničego (ничего) 'nothing', the non-human negative concord item, ničego ne videl '(he) saw nothing'.

Equations

• Russian.PolarityItems.nichego = { form := "ničego", licensor := some PolarityItem.DEStrength.antiMorphic, licensingContexts := [PolarityItem.LicensingContext.negation] }

def Russian.PolarityItems.nikogda : PolarityItem

nikogda (никогда) 'never', the temporal negative concord item, nikogda ne prixodil '(he) never came'.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

Free choice

def Russian.PolarityItems.ktoUgodno : PolarityItem

kto ugodno (кто угодно) 'anyone at all', a free-choice item.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

The entries

def Russian.PolarityItems.items : List PolarityItem

The polarity items.

Equations

• Russian.PolarityItems.items = [Russian.PolarityItems.ktoLibo, Russian.PolarityItems.nikto, Russian.PolarityItems.nichego, Russian.PolarityItems.nikogda, Russian.PolarityItems.ktoUgodno]

Verification

theorem Russian.PolarityItems.niSeries_licensing_characterized (e : PolarityItem) : e ∈ [nikto, nichego, nikogda] → ∀ (c : PolarityItem.LicensingContext), c.licenser.Licenses e ↔ c.licenser.Carries PolarityItem.DEStrength.antiMorphic

The negative concord items are licensed exactly by the contexts carrying anti-morphic strength, clausal negation alone among the named contexts.

theorem Russian.PolarityItems.russian_licensing_sound (e : PolarityItem) : e ∈ items → ∀ c ∈ e.licensingContexts, c.licenser.Admits e

Every attested context of every entry admits it.