Bulgarian Verbal Prefixes

[Ist04] [Sve04] [dD95]

Lexical entries for Bulgarian verbal prefixes encoding the lexical / superlexical distinction of [Sve04] and the Bulgarian-distinctive feature of multiple prefixation per [Ist04]: up to seven prefixes can stack on a single verbal root in Bulgarian, with superlexicals systematically appearing outside lexicals (paper §1, ex. 3-4). Lexical prefixes are R-heads inside VP (resultative, particle-like); superlexical prefixes are Asp-heads outside VP (aspectual operators).

Bulgarian-specific facts ([Ist04] abstract):

1. Prefixes attach to both perfective AND imperfective stems — they don't uniformly mark perfectivity.
2. Prefixes can stack productively, with up to 7 layers documented.
3. The stacking order is structurally constrained: outer prefixes take scope over inner ones, and superlexicals always sit outside lexicals (paper §3 ex. 4).

Main definitions

• Aspect — perfective vs imperfective.
• SuperlexicalSubtype — six aspectual subtypes.
• PrefixClass — lexical or superlexical _.
• BulgarianPrefixedVerbEntry — uses prefixChain : List (String × PrefixClass) in surface (outermost-first) order to support multi-prefixation.
• inventory — six entries: 2 single-prefix lexical, 3 single-prefix superlexical, 1 multi-prefix (the canonical po-na-razkaža of paper §1 ex. 3a, also cited by [Sve04] p. 207 ex. 3a).

Main results

• inventory_transparent_concat — every entry's prefixedForm is the literal concatenation of its prefix chain followed by bareStem.
• inventory_well_stacked — every multi-prefix entry has all prefixes consistently classified (no inconsistent stacking) — a structural invariant from [Ist04] §3.

structure Bulgarian.VerbalPrefixes.BulgarianPrefixedVerbEntry : Type

A Bulgarian prefixed-verb entry. The prefixChain is a list of (morpheme, class) pairs in surface order (outermost / leftmost first), supporting multi-prefixation. Single-prefix entries have a one-element list; multi-prefix entries have multi-element lists.

• bareStem : String

  Bare verb stem (PF or IMPF citation form).

• stemAspect : Slavic.Aspect

  Aspect of the bare stem. Note (paper abstract): Bulgarian prefixes can attach to either aspect.

• prefixChain : List (String × Slavic.PrefixClass)

  Surface-order list of (morpheme, class) pairs.

• prefixedForm : String

  The fully prefixed form (concatenation of all prefixes followed by bareStem).

• baseGloss : String

  Gloss of the bare stem.

• prefixedGloss : String

  Gloss of the prefixed form.

Single-prefix lexical entries

def Bulgarian.VerbalPrefixes.izveda : BulgarianPrefixedVerbEntry

iz-veda 'take out' — lexical iz- (spatial 'out') on stem veda 'lead'. [Ist04] §1 ex. 1g.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Bulgarian.VerbalPrefixes.zapisa : BulgarianPrefixedVerbEntry

za-piša 'put down in writing' — lexical za- (spatial 'down, behind') on stem piša 'write'. [Ist04] §1 ex. 1a.

Equations

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Single-prefix superlexical entries

def Bulgarian.VerbalPrefixes.zablesta : BulgarianPrefixedVerbEntry

za-blest'a 'start to glitter' — superlexical za- INCP on imperfective stem blest'a 'glitter'. [Ist04] §1 ex. 3d.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Bulgarian.VerbalPrefixes.poznam : BulgarianPrefixedVerbEntry

po-znam 'guess' — superlexical po- DLMT on imperfective stem znam 'know'. [Ist04] §1 ex. 3c (delimitative- flavoured 'know-a-bit' → 'guess').

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Bulgarian.VerbalPrefixes.procheta : BulgarianPrefixedVerbEntry

pro-četa 'read completely' — superlexical pro- CMPL on imperfective stem četa 'read'. [Ist04] §1 ex. 3i.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

Multi-prefix entries

The distinctive Bulgarian feature: superlexical prefixes stack outside each other (and outside any lexical prefix). The structural constraint ([Ist04] §3): outermost takes widest scope.

def Bulgarian.VerbalPrefixes.ponarazkaza : BulgarianPrefixedVerbEntry

po-na-razkaža 'tell a little of many' — multi-prefix entry: DLMT po- outside CMLT na- outside the (etymologically complex) bare stem razkaža 'narrate'. [Ist04] §3 ex. 4 (cited also by [Sve04] p. 207 ex. 3a). The two superlexicals stack with outer DLMT (po-) taking scope over inner CMLT (na-).

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Bulgarian.VerbalPrefixes.inventory : List BulgarianPrefixedVerbEntry

The canonical inventory: 2 single-lex + 3 single-superlex + 1 multi-prefix.

Equations

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Properties

def Bulgarian.VerbalPrefixes.BulgarianPrefixedVerbEntry.prefixString (e : BulgarianPrefixedVerbEntry) : String

The concatenation of all prefix morphemes in the chain (surface order: leftmost first).

Equations

• e.prefixString = List.foldl (fun (acc : String) (p : String × Slavic.PrefixClass) => acc ++ p.1) "" e.prefixChain

def Bulgarian.VerbalPrefixes.IsTransparentConcat (e : BulgarianPrefixedVerbEntry) : Prop

An entry's prefixedForm is the literal concatenation of its prefix chain (in surface order) followed by bareStem.

Equations

• Bulgarian.VerbalPrefixes.IsTransparentConcat e = (e.prefixedForm = e.prefixString ++ e.bareStem)

@[implicit_reducible]

instance Bulgarian.VerbalPrefixes.instDecidablePredBulgarianPrefixedVerbEntryIsTransparentConcat : DecidablePred IsTransparentConcat

Equations

• Bulgarian.VerbalPrefixes.instDecidablePredBulgarianPrefixedVerbEntryIsTransparentConcat e = decEq e.prefixedForm (e.prefixString ++ e.bareStem)

theorem Bulgarian.VerbalPrefixes.inventory_transparent_concat (e : BulgarianPrefixedVerbEntry) (he : e ∈ inventory) : IsTransparentConcat e

Every inventory entry is a transparent concatenation.

theorem Bulgarian.VerbalPrefixes.inventory_nonempty_chain (e : BulgarianPrefixedVerbEntry) (he : e ∈ inventory) : e.prefixChain ≠ []

Every inventory entry has at least one prefix.