Documentation

Linglib.Fragments.Sesotho.Morph

Sesotho verb affixes #

The affixes of the Sesotho (Southern Sotho) verb and the order in which they appear. Before the stem, word-edge inward, come the subject marker, the negative -sa-, a tense, aspect or mood marker and the object marker or the reflexive; after it, stem-outward, the reversive -oll-, the extensions that change valence (the causative -is-, the neuter -eh-, the applicative -el-, the completive -ell-, which reduplicates the applicative, and the reciprocal -an-), the perfect -il-, the passive -w-, the mood vowel and the interrogative or relative -ng. A form takes at most one affix of each position except the extensions, which stack, so the template is a regular expression over the positions with the extension position starred, and a string of affixes in linear order, the stem left out, is licensed when its positions match it.

The order is [Dem92]'s schema (14) of the verbal complex, subject marker, tense or aspect, object marker, stem, extensions, perfect, passive, mood, in which the passive is added last when an extension, the perfect and the passive co-occur, as in pheh-ets-w-e 'was cooked (food)' (44), and the relative -ng follows the mood vowel, pheh-il-e-ng (29). The inventory within the positions is the one [HDF21] extract from the corpus of [Dem92] and document from [DM67]; the paper's own order places the passive before the perfect, against (44). The corpus fuses some neighbouring markers, a tense prefix with the following object marker in particular, and treats the interrogative -ng, a clitic form of eng 'what', as a suffix.

Main definitions #

Main results #

Implementation notes #

The affixes are cited in their docstrings and not entered as morphs: the subject and object markers are paradigms over person, number and noun class, and the perfect and the mood endings vary with their context, which a paradigm layer would carry. The infinitive prefix ho- is not entered.

References #

source
inductive Sesotho.Verb.Slot :
Type

The affix positions of the verb: the prefix positions word-edge inward, then the suffix positions stem-outward.

  • subject : Slot

    The subject marker.

  • negation : Slot

    The negative -sa-.

  • tam : Slot

    The tense, aspect and mood prefixes.

  • object : Slot

    The object marker or the reflexive.

  • reversive : Slot

    The reversive -oll-.

  • extension : Slot

    The extensions that change valence.

  • tense : Slot

    The perfect -il-.

  • voice : Slot

    The passive -w-.

  • mood : Slot

    The mood vowel.

  • interrogativeRelative : Slot

    The interrogative and the relative -ng.

Instances For
    source
    @[instance_reducible]
    instance Sesotho.Verb.instDecidableEqSlot :
    DecidableEq Slot
    Equations
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    @[instance_reducible]
    instance Sesotho.Verb.instReprSlot :
    Repr Slot
    Equations
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    def Sesotho.Verb.instReprSlot.repr :
    Slot → ℕ → Std.Format
    Equations
    Instances For
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      inductive Sesotho.Verb.Exponent :
      Slot → Type

      The affixes of each position.

      Instances For
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        def Sesotho.Verb.instDecidableEqExponent.decEq {a✝ : Slot} (x✝ x✝¹ : Exponent a✝) :
        Decidable (x✝ = x✝¹)
        Equations
        • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
        Instances For
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          @[instance_reducible]
          instance Sesotho.Verb.instDecidableEqExponent {a✝ : Slot} :
          DecidableEq (Exponent a✝)
          Equations
          source
          def Sesotho.Verb.prefixes :
          List Slot

          The prefix positions, word-edge inward.

          Equations
          Instances For
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            def Sesotho.Verb.suffixes :
            List Slot

            The suffix positions, stem-outward.

            Equations
            • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
            Instances For
              source
              def Sesotho.Verb.template :
              RegularExpression Slot

              The template: the positions in linear order, each at most once, the extension position any number of times.

              Equations
              • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
              Instances For
                source
                def Sesotho.Verb.Licensed (w : List ((σ : Slot) × Exponent σ)) :
                Prop

                A string of affixes, in linear order, is licensed when its positions match the template.

                Equations
                Instances For
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                  @[instance_reducible]
                  instance Sesotho.Verb.instDecidablePredListSigmaSlotExponentLicensed :
                  DecidablePred Licensed
                  Equations
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                  theorem Sesotho.Verb.licensed_of_sublist {w : List ((σ : Slot) × Exponent σ)} (h : (List.map Sigma.fst w).Sublist (prefixes ++ suffixes)) :
                  Licensed w

                  A string of affixes that fills each position at most once, in order, is licensed.

                  source
                  theorem Sesotho.Verb.licensed_replicate_extension (n : ℕ) :
                  Licensed (List.replicate n ⟨Slot.extension, Exponent.applicative⟩)

                  The extension position takes any number of affixes: n applicatives are licensed.