Nez Perce Clausal Embedding Inventory

@cite{deal-2010} @cite{deal-2016a} @cite{deal-2026}

Nez Perce (Sahaptian, ISO 639-3 nez) inventory of notional-complement-taking predicates plus the relative-pronoun paradigm. Theory-light: each predicate carries only consensus-typological metadata (CTP class per @cite{noonan-2007}, factivity status per @cite{tonhauser-beaver-roberts-simons-2013} projection diagnostics).

Scope and provenance

Predicate list and factivity assessments are from @cite{deal-2026} §3 (RE-takers) and §6 (simplex-takers); the analytical RE-vs-simplex split is not encoded here as a Fragment field — it is Deal-specific apparatus and lives in the co-located study file Phenomena/Complementation/Studies/Deal2026.lean as a Studies-side projection.

Relative-pronoun paradigm is from @cite{deal-2016a} (Table 22 reproduced in @cite{deal-2026} (22)). Case and number values reuse Core.UD substrate.

What is here

• NezPerceEmbedder: per-verb consensus typology.
• 11 verbs: 8 typically RE-only (per @cite{deal-2026} §3) + 3 typically simplex-only (per @cite{deal-2026} §6).
• RelativePronoun: the yox̂/ko paradigm cells, indexed by Core.UD.Case × Core.UD.Number.
• 6 paradigm-cell entries.

What is NOT here (lives in Studies/Deal2026.lean)

• The RE-vs-simplex strategy field per verb (Deal-specific apparatus).
• The [uĀ] selectional feature per RE-taker (Deal-specific analytical claim).
• The Tonhauser ProjectiveClass projection (consumes Phenomena/Presupposition/ProjectiveContent.lean — Phenomena-layer dependency not appropriate for a Fragment).
• Cross-classification theorems (factivity ⊥ RE-structure).
• The ke-as-φ-probe-on-C analysis (consumes Minimalist.SatisfactionCond).

structure Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.NezPerceEmbedder : Type

A Nez Perce notional-complement-taking predicate.

Fields are theory-neutral consensus typology and morphological observations:

• ctpClass: @cite{noonan-2007} category. Emotive factives are commentative; cognitive factives are knowledge; think is propAttitude; say is utterance.
• factive: per @cite{tonhauser-beaver-roberts-simons-2013} projection diagnostics (entailment-canceling environments). Established for Nez Perce by @cite{deal-2026} §3 (33)–(36).
• requiresYoxKeEdge: morphological observation per @cite{deal-2026} §3 (28). When true, the predicate's notional complement obligatorily begins with the morpheme pair yox̂ ke (relative-pronoun + Cₐ̄ complementizer per Deal's analysis); when false, yox̂ ke on the complement edge is ungrammatical. This field is observable — it records what the morphology does, not what it means. Theory-laden interpretations (selectional features, projection sites) belong in Phenomena/Complementation/Studies/Deal2026.lean.

A notionalTransitivity field would be uniformly intransitive for every predicate Deal 2026 reviews (cf. §4 (38)–(39)) and is therefore omitted as carrying no discriminating signal.

• form : String
• gloss : String
• ctpClass : Typology.Complementation.CTPClass
• factive : Bool
• requiresYoxKeEdge : Bool

@[implicit_reducible]

instance Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.instDecidableEqNezPerceEmbedder : DecidableEq NezPerceEmbedder

Equations

• Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.instDecidableEqNezPerceEmbedder = Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.instDecidableEqNezPerceEmbedder.decEq

def Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.instDecidableEqNezPerceEmbedder.decEq (x✝ x✝¹ : NezPerceEmbedder) : Decidable (x✝ = x✝¹)

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.instReprNezPerceEmbedder.repr : NezPerceEmbedder → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

@[implicit_reducible]

instance Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.instReprNezPerceEmbedder : Repr NezPerceEmbedder

Equations

• Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.instReprNezPerceEmbedder = { reprPrec := Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.instReprNezPerceEmbedder.repr }

Emotive factives (commentative class, per @cite{noonan-2007})

These predicates require their notional complement to carry the relative- pronoun + complementizer pair yox̂ ke (@cite{deal-2026} (28)). Their factivity is established by Deal's projection-test trials (§3, (33)–(34)).

def Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.liloy : NezPerceEmbedder

liloy 'be happy'. @cite{deal-2026} (27a).

Equations

• Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.liloy = { form := "liloy", gloss := "be happy", ctpClass := Typology.Complementation.CTPClass.commentative, factive := true, requiresYoxKeEdge := true }

def Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.etqew : NezPerceEmbedder

etqew 'be sad'. @cite{deal-2026} (27b).

Equations

• Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.etqew = { form := "'etqew", gloss := "be sad", ctpClass := Typology.Complementation.CTPClass.commentative, factive := true, requiresYoxKeEdge := true }

def Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.cicwaay : NezPerceEmbedder

cicwaay 'be surprised'. @cite{deal-2026} (27c).

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.eeys : NezPerceEmbedder

eey's 'be joyful'. @cite{deal-2026} (27e).

Equations

• Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.eeys = { form := "'eey's", gloss := "be joyful", ctpClass := Typology.Complementation.CTPClass.commentative, factive := true, requiresYoxKeEdge := true }

def Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.qeese : NezPerceEmbedder

q'eese 'be bothered, unhappy'. @cite{deal-2026} (27e).

Equations

• Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.qeese = { form := "q'eese", gloss := "be bothered", ctpClass := Typology.Complementation.CTPClass.commentative, factive := true, requiresYoxKeEdge := true }

def Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.timneneki : NezPerceEmbedder

tim'neneki 'be worried'. @cite{deal-2026} (27e).

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

Cognitive factive

timiipni 'remember' is classed by Noonan as knowledge (cognitive factive) but exhibits the same RE morphosyntax as the emotive factives in Nez Perce (@cite{deal-2026} (27d), §3). The CTP class divergence between Nez Perce timiipni and English remember (which is also knowledge) is a Fragment fact: whether knowledge predicates are RE-takers is a per-language property.

def Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.timiipni : NezPerceEmbedder

timiipni 'remember'. @cite{deal-2026} (27d).

Equations

• Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.timiipni = { form := "timiipni", gloss := "remember", ctpClass := Typology.Complementation.CTPClass.knowledge, factive := true, requiresYoxKeEdge := true }

Speech-act particle

qe'ciyeew'yew 'thank you' is a non-verbal particle that nonetheless takes notional complements with the RE morphosyntax (@cite{deal-2026} (42)). It disallows DP complements (42b), reinforcing Deal's argument that REs are not DPs.

def Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.qeciyeewyew : NezPerceEmbedder

qe'ciyeew'yew 'thank you' (particle). @cite{deal-2026} (42).

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

Non-factive cognitive and utterance predicates

These predicates strictly reject the RE morphosyntax — yox̂ ke on the complement edge is ungrammatical for them (@cite{deal-2026} (20), (47)–(48), (65), (69)–(70)).

def Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.neki : NezPerceEmbedder

neki 'think'. @cite{deal-2026} (47), (65). Non-factive.

Equations

• Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.neki = { form := "neki", gloss := "think", ctpClass := Typology.Complementation.CTPClass.propAttitude, factive := false, requiresYoxKeEdge := false }

def Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.hi : NezPerceEmbedder

hi 'say, tell'. @cite{deal-2026} (47), (65). Non-factive.

Equations

• Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.hi = { form := "hi", gloss := "say, tell", ctpClass := Typology.Complementation.CTPClass.utterance, factive := false, requiresYoxKeEdge := false }

Factive cognitive predicate

cuukwe 'know' is factive (@cite{deal-2026} §6 (68): projection test confirms factivity even in conditional antecedent), but typically takes simplex complements (no yox̂ ke) — RE morphosyntax is rare and marginal ((66b) is %-marked). This is Deal 2026's central dissociation: factivity ⊥ RE-structure.

def Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.cuukwe : NezPerceEmbedder

cuukwe 'know'. @cite{deal-2026} (66), (68). Factive but typically simplex-embedding — the requiresYoxKeEdge = false field encodes the headline @cite{deal-2026} dissociation: factivity does not force RE morphology in Nez Perce. (66b) shows a marginal %-attested RE-marked variant; we record the canonical pattern.

Equations

• Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.cuukwe = { form := "cuukwe", gloss := "know", ctpClass := Typology.Complementation.CTPClass.knowledge, factive := true, requiresYoxKeEdge := false }

def Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.allEmbedders : List NezPerceEmbedder

All embedders surveyed in @cite{deal-2026}: 8 RE-canonical + 3 simplex-canonical. This is the source-of-truth list; the partitions reCanonical / simplexCanonical are derived views on it via the Fragment-level observable requiresYoxKeEdge.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.reCanonical : List NezPerceEmbedder

The RE-canonical predicates: those whose notional complement obligatorily begins with the yox̂ ke morpheme pair. Defined as a derived view on the Fragment-level observable requiresYoxKeEdge rather than as a hand-curated list, so that adding/removing the edge-marking field on any predicate automatically updates this list.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.simplexCanonical : List NezPerceEmbedder

The simplex-canonical predicates: those whose notional complement is incompatible with yox̂ ke on the edge.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

theorem Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.reCanonical_membership : reCanonical = [liloy, etqew, cicwaay, eeys, qeese, timneneki, timiipni, qeciyeewyew]

Drift sentry: reCanonical contains exactly the eight predicates @cite{deal-2026} §3 (27a–e), (27d), (42) lists. A decide failure here means either a verb's requiresYoxKeEdge field has been edited incorrectly, or a verb has been added/removed from allEmbedders.

theorem Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.simplexCanonical_membership : simplexCanonical = [neki, hi, cuukwe]

Drift sentry: simplexCanonical contains exactly neki, hi, cuukwe.

theorem Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.allEmbedders_partitioned : allEmbedders = reCanonical ++ simplexCanonical

Partition: every embedder is either RE-canonical or simplex-canonical (no third category in @cite{deal-2026}'s survey).

theorem Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.reCanonical_all_factive : (reCanonical.all fun (x : NezPerceEmbedder) => x.factive) = true

All RE-canonical predicates are factive. @cite{deal-2026} §3.

theorem Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.factive_simplex_membership : List.filter (fun (x : NezPerceEmbedder) => x.factive) simplexCanonical = [cuukwe]

The factive simplex-canonical predicates: exactly cuukwe 'know'. Drift sentry rather than aggregate count — pins which verb is the factive simplex-taker.

theorem Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.nonfactive_simplex_membership : List.filter (fun (x : NezPerceEmbedder) => !x.factive) simplexCanonical = [neki, hi]

The non-factive simplex-canonical predicates: exactly neki 'think' and hi 'say/tell'.

theorem Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.cuukwe_factive_but_simplex : cuukwe.factive = true ∧ cuukwe ∈ simplexCanonical

Crucially: factivity does NOT predict RE-canonical status. cuukwe 'know' is factive but simplex-canonical — establishing that factivity is necessary but not sufficient for RE morphosyntax in Nez Perce. (Deal 2026's central dissociation.)

yox̂/ko paradigm — @cite{deal-2016a}, reproduced as

@cite{deal-2026} Table (22).

Cells are indexed by Core.UD.Case (Nom/Erg/Acc) × Core.UD.Number (Sing/Plur) — reusing the universally-shared UD substrate rather than inventing local enums.

structure Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.RelativePronoun : Type

A relative-pronoun cell from @cite{deal-2026} Table (22).

• case : UD.Case
• number : UD.Number
• forms : List String

@[implicit_reducible]

instance Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.instReprRelativePronoun : Repr RelativePronoun

Equations

• Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.instReprRelativePronoun = { reprPrec := Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.instReprRelativePronoun.repr }

def Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.instReprRelativePronoun.repr : RelativePronoun → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.rp_nom_sg : RelativePronoun

Equations

• Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.rp_nom_sg = { case := UD.Case.Nom, number := UD.Number.Sing, forms := ["yox̂"] }

def Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.rp_nom_pl : RelativePronoun

Equations

• Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.rp_nom_pl = { case := UD.Case.Nom, number := UD.Number.Plur, forms := ["yox̂me"] }

def Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.rp_erg_sg : RelativePronoun

Equations

• Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.rp_erg_sg = { case := UD.Case.Erg, number := UD.Number.Sing, forms := ["konim"] }

def Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.rp_erg_pl : RelativePronoun

Equations

• Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.rp_erg_pl = { case := UD.Case.Erg, number := UD.Number.Plur, forms := ["konmam"] }

def Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.rp_acc_sg : RelativePronoun

Equations

• Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.rp_acc_sg = { case := UD.Case.Acc, number := UD.Number.Sing, forms := ["konya"] }

def Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.rp_acc_pl : RelativePronoun

Equations

• Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.rp_acc_pl = { case := UD.Case.Acc, number := UD.Number.Plur, forms := ["konmana", "yox̂mene"] }

def Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.relativePronounParadigm : List RelativePronoun

The full @cite{deal-2016a} paradigm: three cases × two numbers, six cells total.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

theorem Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.paradigm_membership : List.map (fun (p : RelativePronoun) => (p.case, p.number)) relativePronounParadigm = [(UD.Case.Nom, UD.Number.Sing), (UD.Case.Nom, UD.Number.Plur), (UD.Case.Erg, UD.Number.Sing), (UD.Case.Erg, UD.Number.Plur), (UD.Case.Acc, UD.Number.Sing), (UD.Case.Acc, UD.Number.Plur)]

Drift sentry: the paradigm covers exactly the Nom × Sing/Plur, Erg × Sing/Plur, Acc × Sing/Plur cells. A failure here means a cell has been added, removed, or its (case, number) pair edited.

theorem Fragments.NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.acc_pl_variants : rp_acc_pl.forms = ["konmana", "yox̂mene"]

The accusative-plural cell shows idiolectal variation: two attested forms.