Nez Perce Clausal Embedding Inventory

[Dea10] [Dea16] [Dea26]

Nez Perce (Sahaptian, ISO 639-3 nez) inventory of notional-complement-taking predicates plus the relative-pronoun paradigm. Theory-light: each predicate carries only consensus-typological metadata (CTP class per [Noo07], factivity status per [TBRS13] projection diagnostics).

Scope and provenance

Predicate list and factivity assessments are from [Dea26] §3 (RE-takers) and §6 (simplex-takers); the analytical RE-vs-simplex split is not encoded here as a Fragment field — it is Deal-specific apparatus and lives in the co-located study file Studies/Deal2026.lean as a Studies-side projection.

Relative-pronoun paradigm is from [Dea16] (Table 22 reproduced in [Dea26] (22)). Case and number values reuse Core.UD substrate.

What is here

• NezPerceEmbedder: per-verb consensus typology.
• 11 verbs: 8 typically RE-only (per [Dea26] §3) + 3 typically simplex-only (per [Dea26] §6).
• RelativePronoun: the yox̂/ko paradigm cells, indexed by Core.UD.Case × Core.UD.Number.
• 6 paradigm-cell entries.

What is NOT here (lives in Studies/Deal2026.lean)

• The RE-vs-simplex strategy field per verb (Deal-specific apparatus).
• The [uĀ] selectional feature per RE-taker (Deal-specific analytical claim).
• The Tonhauser ProjectiveClass projection (consumes Semantics/Presupposition/ProjectiveContent.lean).
• Cross-classification theorems (factivity ⊥ RE-structure).
• The ke-as-φ-probe-on-C analysis (consumes Minimalist.SatisfactionCond).

structure NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.NezPerceEmbedder : Type

A Nez Perce notional-complement-taking predicate.

Fields are theory-neutral consensus typology and morphological observations:

• ctpClass: [Noo07] category. Emotive factives are commentative; cognitive factives are knowledge; think is propAttitude; say is utterance.
• factive: per [TBRS13] projection diagnostics (entailment-canceling environments). Established for Nez Perce by [Dea26] §3 (33)–(36).
• requiresYoxKeEdge: morphological observation per [Dea26] §3 (28). When true, the predicate's notional complement obligatorily begins with the morpheme pair yox̂ ke (relative-pronoun + Cₐ̄ complementizer per Deal's analysis); when false, yox̂ ke on the complement edge is ungrammatical. This field is observable — it records what the morphology does, not what it means. Theory-laden interpretations (selectional features, projection sites) belong in Studies/Deal2026.lean.

A notionalTransitivity field would be uniformly intransitive for every predicate Deal 2026 reviews (cf. §4 (38)–(39)) and is therefore omitted as carrying no discriminating signal.

• form : String
• gloss : String
• ctpClass : CTPClass
• factive : Bool
• requiresYoxKeEdge : Bool

def NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.instDecidableEqNezPerceEmbedder.decEq (x✝ x✝¹ : NezPerceEmbedder) : Decidable (x✝ = x✝¹)

Equations

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@[implicit_reducible]

instance NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.instDecidableEqNezPerceEmbedder : DecidableEq NezPerceEmbedder

Equations

• NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.instDecidableEqNezPerceEmbedder = NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.instDecidableEqNezPerceEmbedder.decEq

def NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.instReprNezPerceEmbedder.repr : NezPerceEmbedder → ℕ → Std.Format

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• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

@[implicit_reducible]

instance NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.instReprNezPerceEmbedder : Repr NezPerceEmbedder

Equations

• NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.instReprNezPerceEmbedder = { reprPrec := NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.instReprNezPerceEmbedder.repr }

Emotive factives (commentative class, per [Noo07])

These predicates require their notional complement to carry the relative- pronoun + complementizer pair yox̂ ke ([Dea26] (28)). Their factivity is established by Deal's projection-test trials (§3, (33)–(34)).

def NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.liloy : NezPerceEmbedder

liloy 'be happy'. [Dea26] (27a).

Equations

• NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.liloy = { form := "liloy", gloss := "be happy", ctpClass := CTPClass.commentative, factive := true, requiresYoxKeEdge := true }

def NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.etqew : NezPerceEmbedder

etqew 'be sad'. [Dea26] (27b).

Equations

• NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.etqew = { form := "'etqew", gloss := "be sad", ctpClass := CTPClass.commentative, factive := true, requiresYoxKeEdge := true }

def NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.cicwaay : NezPerceEmbedder

cicwaay 'be surprised'. [Dea26] (27c).

Equations

• NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.cicwaay = { form := "cicwaay", gloss := "be surprised", ctpClass := CTPClass.commentative, factive := true, requiresYoxKeEdge := true }

def NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.eeys : NezPerceEmbedder

eey's 'be joyful'. [Dea26] (27e).

Equations

• NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.eeys = { form := "'eey's", gloss := "be joyful", ctpClass := CTPClass.commentative, factive := true, requiresYoxKeEdge := true }

def NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.qeese : NezPerceEmbedder

q'eese 'be bothered, unhappy'. [Dea26] (27e).

Equations

• NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.qeese = { form := "q'eese", gloss := "be bothered", ctpClass := CTPClass.commentative, factive := true, requiresYoxKeEdge := true }

def NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.timneneki : NezPerceEmbedder

tim'neneki 'be worried'. [Dea26] (27e).

Equations

• NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.timneneki = { form := "tim'neneki", gloss := "be worried", ctpClass := CTPClass.commentative, factive := true, requiresYoxKeEdge := true }

Cognitive factive

timiipni 'remember' is classed by Noonan as knowledge (cognitive factive) but exhibits the same RE morphosyntax as the emotive factives in Nez Perce ([Dea26] (27d), §3). The CTP class divergence between Nez Perce timiipni and English remember (which is also knowledge) is a Fragment fact: whether knowledge predicates are RE-takers is a per-language property.

def NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.timiipni : NezPerceEmbedder

timiipni 'remember'. [Dea26] (27d).

Equations

• NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.timiipni = { form := "timiipni", gloss := "remember", ctpClass := CTPClass.knowledge, factive := true, requiresYoxKeEdge := true }

Speech-act particle

qe'ciyeew'yew 'thank you' is a non-verbal particle that nonetheless takes notional complements with the RE morphosyntax ([Dea26] (42)). It disallows DP complements (42b), reinforcing Deal's argument that REs are not DPs.

def NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.qeciyeewyew : NezPerceEmbedder

qe'ciyeew'yew 'thank you' (particle). [Dea26] (42).

Equations

• NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.qeciyeewyew = { form := "qe'ciyeew'yew", gloss := "thank you", ctpClass := CTPClass.commentative, factive := true, requiresYoxKeEdge := true }

Non-factive cognitive and utterance predicates

These predicates strictly reject the RE morphosyntax — yox̂ ke on the complement edge is ungrammatical for them ([Dea26] (20), (47)–(48), (65), (69)–(70)).

def NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.neki : NezPerceEmbedder

neki 'think'. [Dea26] (47), (65). Non-factive.

Equations

• NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.neki = { form := "neki", gloss := "think", ctpClass := CTPClass.propAttitude, factive := false, requiresYoxKeEdge := false }

def NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.hi : NezPerceEmbedder

hi 'say, tell'. [Dea26] (47), (65). Non-factive.

Equations

• NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.hi = { form := "hi", gloss := "say, tell", ctpClass := CTPClass.utterance, factive := false, requiresYoxKeEdge := false }

Factive cognitive predicate

cuukwe 'know' is factive ([Dea26] §6 (68): projection test confirms factivity even in conditional antecedent), but typically takes simplex complements (no yox̂ ke) — RE morphosyntax is rare and marginal ((66b) is %-marked). This is Deal 2026's central dissociation: factivity ⊥ RE-structure.

def NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.cuukwe : NezPerceEmbedder

cuukwe 'know'. [Dea26] (66), (68). Factive but typically simplex-embedding — the requiresYoxKeEdge = false field encodes the headline [Dea26] dissociation: factivity does not force RE morphology in Nez Perce. (66b) shows a marginal %-attested RE-marked variant; we record the canonical pattern.

Equations

• NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.cuukwe = { form := "cuukwe", gloss := "know", ctpClass := CTPClass.knowledge, factive := true, requiresYoxKeEdge := false }

def NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.allEmbedders : List NezPerceEmbedder

All embedders surveyed in [Dea26]: 8 RE-canonical + 3 simplex-canonical. This is the source-of-truth list; the partitions reCanonical / simplexCanonical are derived views on it via the Fragment-level observable requiresYoxKeEdge.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.reCanonical : List NezPerceEmbedder

The RE-canonical predicates: those whose notional complement obligatorily begins with the yox̂ ke morpheme pair. Defined as a derived view on the Fragment-level observable requiresYoxKeEdge rather than as a hand-curated list, so that adding/removing the edge-marking field on any predicate automatically updates this list.

Equations

• NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.reCanonical = List.filter (fun (x : NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.NezPerceEmbedder) => x.requiresYoxKeEdge) NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.allEmbedders

def NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.simplexCanonical : List NezPerceEmbedder

The simplex-canonical predicates: those whose notional complement is incompatible with yox̂ ke on the edge.

Equations

• NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.simplexCanonical = List.filter (fun (x : NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.NezPerceEmbedder) => !x.requiresYoxKeEdge) NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.allEmbedders

theorem NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.reCanonical_membership : reCanonical = [liloy, etqew, cicwaay, eeys, qeese, timneneki, timiipni, qeciyeewyew]

Drift sentry: reCanonical contains exactly the eight predicates [Dea26] §3 (27a–e), (27d), (42) lists. A decide failure here means either a verb's requiresYoxKeEdge field has been edited incorrectly, or a verb has been added/removed from allEmbedders.

theorem NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.simplexCanonical_membership : simplexCanonical = [neki, hi, cuukwe]

Drift sentry: simplexCanonical contains exactly neki, hi, cuukwe.

theorem NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.allEmbedders_partitioned : allEmbedders = reCanonical ++ simplexCanonical

Partition: every embedder is either RE-canonical or simplex-canonical (no third category in [Dea26]'s survey).

theorem NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.reCanonical_all_factive : (reCanonical.all fun (x : NezPerceEmbedder) => x.factive) = true

All RE-canonical predicates are factive. [Dea26] §3.

theorem NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.factive_simplex_membership : List.filter (fun (x : NezPerceEmbedder) => x.factive) simplexCanonical = [cuukwe]

The factive simplex-canonical predicates: exactly cuukwe 'know'. Drift sentry rather than aggregate count — pins which verb is the factive simplex-taker.

theorem NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.nonfactive_simplex_membership : List.filter (fun (x : NezPerceEmbedder) => !x.factive) simplexCanonical = [neki, hi]

The non-factive simplex-canonical predicates: exactly neki 'think' and hi 'say/tell'.

theorem NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.cuukwe_factive_but_simplex : cuukwe.factive = true ∧ cuukwe ∈ simplexCanonical

Crucially: factivity does NOT predict RE-canonical status. cuukwe 'know' is factive but simplex-canonical — establishing that factivity is necessary but not sufficient for RE morphosyntax in Nez Perce. (Deal 2026's central dissociation.)

yox̂/ko paradigm — [Dea16], reproduced as

[Dea26] Table (22).

Cells are indexed by Core.UD.Case (Nom/Erg/Acc) × Core.UD.Number (Sing/Plur) — reusing the universally-shared UD substrate rather than inventing local enums.

structure NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.RelativePronoun : Type

A relative-pronoun cell from [Dea26] Table (22).

• case : UD.Case
• number : UD.Number
• forms : List String

def NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.instReprRelativePronoun.repr : RelativePronoun → ℕ → Std.Format

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@[implicit_reducible]

instance NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.instReprRelativePronoun : Repr RelativePronoun

Equations

• NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.instReprRelativePronoun = { reprPrec := NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.instReprRelativePronoun.repr }

@[implicit_reducible]

instance NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.instHasNumberRelativePronoun : HasNumber RelativePronoun

A relative pronoun bears its number slot (HasNumber).

Equations

• NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.instHasNumberRelativePronoun = { numberOf := fun (rp : NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.RelativePronoun) => Number.fromUD rp.number }

def NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.rp_nom_sg : RelativePronoun

Equations

• NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.rp_nom_sg = { case := UD.Case.Nom, number := UD.Number.Sing, forms := ["yox̂"] }

def NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.rp_nom_pl : RelativePronoun

Equations

• NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.rp_nom_pl = { case := UD.Case.Nom, number := UD.Number.Plur, forms := ["yox̂me"] }

def NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.rp_erg_sg : RelativePronoun

Equations

• NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.rp_erg_sg = { case := UD.Case.Erg, number := UD.Number.Sing, forms := ["konim"] }

def NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.rp_erg_pl : RelativePronoun

Equations

• NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.rp_erg_pl = { case := UD.Case.Erg, number := UD.Number.Plur, forms := ["konmam"] }

def NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.rp_acc_sg : RelativePronoun

Equations

• NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.rp_acc_sg = { case := UD.Case.Acc, number := UD.Number.Sing, forms := ["konya"] }

def NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.rp_acc_pl : RelativePronoun

Equations

• NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.rp_acc_pl = { case := UD.Case.Acc, number := UD.Number.Plur, forms := ["konmana", "yox̂mene"] }

def NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.relativePronounParadigm : List RelativePronoun

The full [Dea16] paradigm: three cases × two numbers, six cells total.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

theorem NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.paradigm_membership : List.map (fun (p : RelativePronoun) => (p.case, p.number)) relativePronounParadigm = [(UD.Case.Nom, UD.Number.Sing), (UD.Case.Nom, UD.Number.Plur), (UD.Case.Erg, UD.Number.Sing), (UD.Case.Erg, UD.Number.Plur), (UD.Case.Acc, UD.Number.Sing), (UD.Case.Acc, UD.Number.Plur)]

Drift sentry: the paradigm covers exactly the Nom × Sing/Plur, Erg × Sing/Plur, Acc × Sing/Plur cells. A failure here means a cell has been added, removed, or its (case, number) pair edited.

theorem NezPerce.ClausalEmbedding.acc_pl_variants : rp_acc_pl.forms = ["konmana", "yox̂mene"]

The accusative-plural cell shows idiolectal variation: two attested forms.