K'iche' agreement

K'iche' marks person with two sets of affixes on the verb. Set B, the prefixes in-, at-, zero, oj-, ix- and ee-, indexes the intransitive subject, the transitive object and the subject of a non-verbal predicate; Set A, in-, a-, u-, qa-, i- and ki- before a consonant and w-, aw-, r-, q-, iw- and k- before a vowel, indexes the transitive subject and the possessor of a noun, where the first person singular possessive is nu-. The alignment is ergative in every aspect. The verbal complex runs aspect, Set B, Set A, stem, status suffix, so that Set B precedes the stem and K'iche' is a high-absolutive language. The honorific second person is marked by the enclitics =la in the singular and =alaq in the plural, after the verb whatever their function. The independent pronouns are the Set B forms in the first and second persons, in, at, oj, ix and the honorific laal and alaq, and are' and a're' in the third, usually with a determiner. Can Pixabaj's sketch and Mondloch's grammar are the sources.

Main definitions

• Kiche.setAExponent, Kiche.setBExponent: the two paradigms.
• Kiche.laEncl, Kiche.alaqEncl: the honorific second person enclitics.
• Kiche.template, Kiche.assignCase: the verbal complex and the ergative case function.
• Kiche.pronouns: the independent pronouns.

References

• [CP17]
• [Mon17]

The verbal complex

def Kiche.template : Morphology.AffixTemplate Mayan.VerbSlot

The position classes of the verbal complex, the aspect marker, Set B and Set A before the stem and the status suffix after it.

Equations

• Kiche.template = { prefixSlots := [Mayan.VerbSlot.aspect, Mayan.VerbSlot.setB, Mayan.VerbSlot.setA], suffixSlots := [Mayan.VerbSlot.status] }

def Kiche.assignCase : UD.Aspect → ArgumentRole → Case

K'iche' is ergative in every aspect.

Equations

• Kiche.assignCase x✝ = Alignment.ergative

The paradigms

def Kiche.setAExponent : Phonology.Segment.Class → Mayan.ExponentTable

The Set A markers by the following segment. The first person singular is in- on the verb and nu- on a possessed noun.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Kiche.setBExponent : Mayan.ExponentTable

The Set B markers, with a zero third person singular.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Kiche.laEncl : List Morphology.Morph

The honorific second person singular enclitic =la, after the verb in both sets.

Equations

• Kiche.laEncl = [Morphology.Morph.encl "la"]

def Kiche.alaqEncl : List Morphology.Morph

The honorific second person plural enclitic =alaq, after the verb in both sets.

Equations

• Kiche.alaqEncl = [Morphology.Morph.encl "alaq"]

Independent pronouns

inductive Kiche.Grade : Type

The honorific grades of the K'iche' second person, lowest first.

• nonhonorific : Grade

  The nonhonorific grade, at and ix.

• honorific : Grade

  The honorific grade, laal and alaq.

@[instance_reducible]

instance Kiche.instDecidableEqGrade : DecidableEq Grade

Equations

• Kiche.instDecidableEqGrade x✝ y✝ = if h : x✝.ctorIdx = y✝.ctorIdx then isTrue ⋯ else isFalse ⋯

@[instance_reducible]

instance Kiche.instFintypeGrade : Fintype Grade

Equations

• Kiche.instFintypeGrade = { elems := { val := ↑Kiche.Grade.enumList, nodup := Kiche.Grade.enumList_nodup }, complete := Kiche.instFintypeGrade._proof_1 }

@[instance_reducible]

instance Kiche.instReprGrade : Repr Grade

Equations

• Kiche.instReprGrade = { reprPrec := Kiche.instReprGrade.repr }

def Kiche.instReprGrade.repr : Grade → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• Kiche.instReprGrade.repr Kiche.Grade.nonhonorific prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Kiche.Grade.nonhonorific")).group prec✝
• Kiche.instReprGrade.repr Kiche.Grade.honorific prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Kiche.Grade.honorific")).group prec✝

@[instance_reducible]

instance Kiche.instLinearOrderGrade : LinearOrder Grade

Equations

• Kiche.instLinearOrderGrade = LinearOrder.lift' Kiche.Grade.ctorIdx Kiche.instLinearOrderGrade._proof_1

def Kiche.in_ : PersonalPronoun

The first person singular in.

Equations

• Kiche.in_ = { form := "in", person := some Person.first, number := some Number.singular }

def Kiche.at_ : PersonalPronoun

The second person singular at.

Equations

• Kiche.at_ = { form := "at", person := some Person.second, number := some Number.singular }

def Kiche.laal : PersonalPronoun

The honorific second person singular laal.

Equations

• Kiche.laal = { form := "laal", person := some Person.second, number := some Number.singular }

def Kiche.are' : PersonalPronoun

The third person singular are', usually with a determiner, ri are'.

Equations

• Kiche.are' = { form := "are'", person := some Person.third, number := some Number.singular }

def Kiche.oj : PersonalPronoun

The first person plural oj.

Equations

• Kiche.oj = { form := "oj", person := some Person.first, number := some Number.plural }

def Kiche.ix : PersonalPronoun

The second person plural ix.

Equations

• Kiche.ix = { form := "ix", person := some Person.second, number := some Number.plural }

def Kiche.alaq : PersonalPronoun

The honorific second person plural alaq.

Equations

• Kiche.alaq = { form := "alaq", person := some Person.second, number := some Number.plural }

def Kiche.a're' : PersonalPronoun

The third person plural a're', usually with a determiner, ri a're'.

Equations

• Kiche.a're' = { form := "a're'", person := some Person.third, number := some Number.plural }

def Kiche.addresseeSg : Grade → PersonalPronoun

The second person singular at each grade.

Equations

• Kiche.addresseeSg Kiche.Grade.nonhonorific = Kiche.at_
• Kiche.addresseeSg Kiche.Grade.honorific = Kiche.laal

def Kiche.addresseePl : Grade → PersonalPronoun

The second person plural at each grade.

Equations

• Kiche.addresseePl Kiche.Grade.nonhonorific = Kiche.ix
• Kiche.addresseePl Kiche.Grade.honorific = Kiche.alaq

def Kiche.pronouns : Finset PersonalPronoun

The independent pronouns.

Equations

• Kiche.pronouns = {Kiche.in_, Kiche.at_, Kiche.laal, Kiche.are', Kiche.oj, Kiche.ix, Kiche.alaq, Kiche.a're'}