Documentation

Linglib.Fragments.Maithili.Pronouns

Maithili pronouns #

The nominative and accusative personal pronouns of the Darbhanga variety of Maithili, with the suffix that agrees with a second person subject. The second person has four honorific grades and the third person two. The nonhonorific and the mid-honorific second person share tõ and tora, which the verb tells apart, while the high honorific əpne takes the agreement of the honorific əhã. The two third-person grades share the nominative o and differ in the accusative.

Main results #

Maithili.Pronouns.second_nom_eq_iff: the second-person pronouns separate every pair of grades except the nonhonorific and the mid-honorific.
Maithili.Pronouns.secondAgreement_eq_iff: the verb separates every pair except the honorific and the high honorific.

References #

P. Kumari and P. Chandra, Honorificity Feature as an Enabler: Bridging the Person Gap (2026)

inductive Maithili.Grade :

The honorific grades of Maithili, lowest first, with the addressees [KC26] gives for each (pp. 120–121 and fns. 9–10).

nonhonorific : Grade
The nonhonorific grade, to a younger sibling.
midHonorific : Grade
The mid-honorific grade, to a younger relative once grown up or a younger stranger.
honorific : Grade
The honorific grade, to parents, teachers and anyone older.
highHonorific : Grade
The high honorific grade, to someone addressed formally, such as a high official.

Instances For

@[instance_reducible]

instance Maithili.instDecidableEqGrade :

DecidableEq Grade

Equations

Maithili.instDecidableEqGrade x✝ y✝ = if h : x✝.ctorIdx = y✝.ctorIdx then isTrue ⋯ else isFalse ⋯

@[instance_reducible]

instance Maithili.instFintypeGrade :

Fintype Grade

Equations

Maithili.instFintypeGrade = { elems := { val := ↑Maithili.Grade.enumList, nodup := Maithili.Grade.enumList_nodup }, complete := Maithili.instFintypeGrade._proof_1 }

def Maithili.instReprGrade.repr :

Grade → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

Maithili.instReprGrade.repr Maithili.Grade.nonhonorific prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Maithili.Grade.nonhonorific")).group prec✝
Maithili.instReprGrade.repr Maithili.Grade.midHonorific prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Maithili.Grade.midHonorific")).group prec✝
Maithili.instReprGrade.repr Maithili.Grade.honorific prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Maithili.Grade.honorific")).group prec✝
Maithili.instReprGrade.repr Maithili.Grade.highHonorific prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Maithili.Grade.highHonorific")).group prec✝

Instances For

@[instance_reducible]

instance Maithili.instReprGrade :

Repr Grade

Equations

Maithili.instReprGrade = { reprPrec := Maithili.instReprGrade.repr }

@[instance_reducible]

instance Maithili.instLinearOrderGrade :

LinearOrder Grade

Equations

Maithili.instLinearOrderGrade = LinearOrder.lift' Maithili.Grade.ctorIdx Maithili.instLinearOrderGrade._proof_1

inductive Maithili.Case :

The cases of the Maithili pronoun table, the nominative and the accusative.

nom : Case
The nominative.
acc : Case
The accusative.

Instances For

@[instance_reducible]

instance Maithili.instDecidableEqCase :

DecidableEq Case

Equations

Maithili.instDecidableEqCase x✝ y✝ = if h : x✝.ctorIdx = y✝.ctorIdx then isTrue ⋯ else isFalse ⋯

@[instance_reducible]

instance Maithili.instFintypeCase :

Fintype Case

Equations

Maithili.instFintypeCase = { elems := { val := ↑Maithili.Case.enumList, nodup := Maithili.Case.enumList_nodup }, complete := Maithili.instFintypeCase._proof_1 }

def Maithili.instReprCase.repr :

Case → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

Maithili.instReprCase.repr Maithili.Case.nom prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Maithili.Case.nom")).group prec✝
Maithili.instReprCase.repr Maithili.Case.acc prec✝ = Repr.addAppParen (Std.Format.nest (if prec✝ ≥ 1024 then 1 else 2) (Std.Format.text "Maithili.Case.acc")).group prec✝

Instances For

@[instance_reducible]

instance Maithili.instReprCase :

Repr Case

Equations

Maithili.instReprCase = { reprPrec := Maithili.instReprCase.repr }

def Maithili.Pronouns.ham :

PersonalPronoun

həm, 1sg nominative.

Equations

Maithili.Pronouns.ham = { form := "həm", person := some Person.first, number := some Number.singular }

Instances For

def Maithili.Pronouns.hamra :

PersonalPronoun

həmra, 1sg accusative.

Equations

Maithili.Pronouns.hamra = { form := "həmra", person := some Person.first, number := some Number.singular }

Instances For

def Maithili.Pronouns.toN :

PersonalPronoun

tõ, 2sg nominative.

Equations

Maithili.Pronouns.toN = { form := "tõ", person := some Person.second, number := some Number.singular }

Instances For

def Maithili.Pronouns.tora :

PersonalPronoun

tora, 2sg accusative.

Equations

Maithili.Pronouns.tora = { form := "tora", person := some Person.second, number := some Number.singular }

Instances For

def Maithili.Pronouns.ahaN :

PersonalPronoun

əhã, 2sg nominative.

Equations

Maithili.Pronouns.ahaN = { form := "əhã", person := some Person.second, number := some Number.singular }

Instances For

def Maithili.Pronouns.ahaNke :

PersonalPronoun

əhãke, 2sg accusative.

Equations

Maithili.Pronouns.ahaNke = { form := "əhãke", person := some Person.second, number := some Number.singular }

Instances For

def Maithili.Pronouns.apne :

PersonalPronoun

əpne, 2sg nominative.

Equations

Maithili.Pronouns.apne = { form := "əpne", person := some Person.second, number := some Number.singular }

Instances For

def Maithili.Pronouns.o :

PersonalPronoun

o, 3sg nominative.

Equations

Maithili.Pronouns.o = { form := "o", person := some Person.third, number := some Number.singular }

Instances For

def Maithili.Pronouns.okra :

PersonalPronoun

okra, 3sg accusative.

Equations

Maithili.Pronouns.okra = { form := "okra", person := some Person.third, number := some Number.singular }

Instances For

def Maithili.Pronouns.hunka :

PersonalPronoun

hunka, 3sg accusative.

Equations

Maithili.Pronouns.hunka = { form := "hunka", person := some Person.third, number := some Number.singular }

Instances For

def Maithili.Pronouns.pronouns :

Finset PersonalPronoun

The pronoun inventory.

Equations

One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

Instances For

def Maithili.Pronouns.second :

Case → Grade → Option PersonalPronoun

The second person by case and grade, [KC26]'s Table 3 with the nominative əpne of fn. 10, whose accusative the source does not give.

Equations

Instances For

def Maithili.Pronouns.third :

Case → Grade → Option PersonalPronoun

The third person by case and grade, [KC26]'s Table 3, which gives it only the nonhonorific and the honorific grade.

Equations

Instances For

theorem Maithili.Pronouns.second_nom_eq_iff (g h : Grade) :

second Case.nom g = second Case.nom h ↔ g = h ∨ g < Grade.honorific ∧ h < Grade.honorific

Two second-person grades share their nominative exactly when both are below the honorific.

theorem Maithili.Pronouns.isContiguous_second_nom :

Morphology.IsContiguous (second Case.nom)

The second-person nominative assigns each form a contiguous range of grades.

theorem Maithili.Pronouns.third_nom_eq_acc_ne :

third Case.nom Grade.nonhonorific = third Case.nom Grade.honorific ∧ third Case.acc Grade.nonhonorific ≠ third Case.acc Grade.honorific

The two third-person grades share the nominative and differ in the accusative.

def Maithili.Pronouns.secondAgreement :

Grade → Morphology.Morph

The suffix agreeing with a second person subject at each grade, in the past tense of an intransitive verb ([KC26] (18) and fn. 10).

Equations

Instances For

theorem Maithili.Pronouns.secondAgreement_eq_iff (g h : Grade) :

secondAgreement g = secondAgreement h ↔ g = h ∨ Grade.midHonorific < g ∧ Grade.midHonorific < h

The verb separates every pair of second-person grades except the honorific and the high honorific, the two the pronouns separate as əhã and əpne.