Japanese prosody

Tokyo Japanese has a lexical pitch accent, at most one per word, on a mora: ame 'candy' is unaccented and a'me 'rain' accented on its first mora, uma'i 'delicious' accented and amai 'sweet' not. The entries are the minimal pairs and accentual-phrase materials of Kawahara and of Beckman and Pierrehumbert.

Main definitions

• Japanese.Prosody.ProsodicEntry — a word with its mora count and accent position

References

• [BP86]
• [Kaw15]

structure Japanese.Prosody.ProsodicEntry : Type

A Japanese lexical entry with its prosodic specification. The accent is the 0-indexed mora position of the linked H tone, and unaccented words have accentMora = none ([BP86]).

• form : String

  Surface form (romanized)

• gloss : String

  Gloss

• accentMora : Option ℕ

  Mora position of the accent (none = unaccented)

• nMorae : ℕ

  Number of morae in the word

@[instance_reducible]

instance Japanese.Prosody.instReprProsodicEntry : Repr ProsodicEntry

Equations

• Japanese.Prosody.instReprProsodicEntry = { reprPrec := Japanese.Prosody.instReprProsodicEntry.repr }

def Japanese.Prosody.instReprProsodicEntry.repr : ProsodicEntry → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Japanese.Prosody.ProsodicEntry.Accented (e : ProsodicEntry) : Prop

The entry bears an accent.

Equations

• e.Accented = (e.accentMora.isSome = true)

@[instance_reducible]

instance Japanese.Prosody.instDecidableAccented (e : ProsodicEntry) : Decidable e.Accented

Equations

• Japanese.Prosody.instDecidableAccented e = Japanese.Prosody.instDecidableAccented._aux_1 e

Sample entries

The presence-vs-absence minimal pair ame ~ a'me of [Kaw15] (1a–b), and the adjective and noun materials of [BP86]'s accentual-phrase experiments (Figs. 6–13), also cited as [Kaw15] (28).

def Japanese.Prosody.ameCandy : ProsodicEntry

ame 'candy' — unaccented ([Kaw15] (1a); the unaccented noun of [BP86] Fig. 6).

Equations

• Japanese.Prosody.ameCandy = { form := "ame", gloss := "candy", accentMora := none, nMorae := 2 }

def Japanese.Prosody.ameRain : ProsodicEntry

a'me 'rain' — initial accent, minimal with ameCandy ([Kaw15] (1b)).

Equations

• Japanese.Prosody.ameRain = { form := "ame", gloss := "rain", accentMora := some 0, nMorae := 2 }

def Japanese.Prosody.umai : ProsodicEntry

uma'i 'delicious' — accented adjective ([Kaw15] (28a); [BP86] Figs. 6, 9).

Equations

• Japanese.Prosody.umai = { form := "umai", gloss := "delicious", accentMora := some 1, nMorae := 3 }

def Japanese.Prosody.amai : ProsodicEntry

amai 'sweet' — unaccented adjective, minimal with umai ([Kaw15] (28b); [BP86] Fig. 8).

Equations

• Japanese.Prosody.amai = { form := "amai", gloss := "sweet", accentMora := none, nMorae := 3 }

def Japanese.Prosody.mame : ProsodicEntry

mame' 'beans' — final accent ([BP86] Fig. 6, where AP-grouping with uma'i deletes this accent).

Equations

• Japanese.Prosody.mame = { form := "mame", gloss := "beans", accentMora := some 1, nMorae := 2 }