Japanese evidentiality

Japanese has several optional devices for marking information source — the reported soo da and the inferential yoo da, rashii and soo da — but no evidentiality as a unitary grammatical category, since the specification is not obligatory; at most the reported form could be taken as an A3 system on its own. The inventory is empty. WALS codes the language as indirect-only.

References

• [Aik04], §3.4
• [dH13b]

def Japanese.Evidentiality.evidentials : List Evidential

Japanese has no grammatical evidentials.

Equations

• Japanese.Evidentiality.evidentials = []