Documentation

Linglib.Fragments.Japanese.Coordination

Japanese Coordination Morphemes #

@cite{mitrovic-sauerland-2016} @cite{haspelmath-2007}

Japanese makes the Boolean algebra foundation of coordination morphologically transparent. Two particles systematically mark meet (∧) and join (∨) operations across three phenomena:

ParticleCoordinationQuantificationFocus
も (mo)MU conjunctionuniversal (dare-mo)additive (also)
か (ka)disjunctionexistential (dare-ka)interrogative

This is Boolean duality on the surface: "mo" marks finite meets, "ka" marks finite joins. The same algebraic structure that makes conjunction = universal quantification = additive checking (all are ∧ over elements) also makes disjunction = existential quantification = interrogative (all are ∨ over elements).

Entries #

Connections #

source
def Fragments.Japanese.Coordination.to_ :
Features.Coordination.CoordEntry

to (と) — J particle. Bound, postpositive on first conjunct. "Taroo to Hanako" = "Taro and Hanako". Also functions as comitative marker ("with"): "Taroo to iku" = "go with Taro". This dual function is WHY Japanese is classified as a WITH-language in WALS Ch 63 (andIdenticalToWith).

Equations
Instances For
    source
    def Fragments.Japanese.Coordination.mo :
    Features.Coordination.CoordEntry

    mo (も) — MU particle. Bound, postpositive on each conjunct. Conjunction: "Taroo-mo Hanako-mo neta" = "both Taro and Hanako slept". Additive: "Taroo-mo neta" = "Taro also slept". Universal quantifier: "dare-mo" = "everyone" (indeterminate + mo). This triple role is the morphological proof that conjunction MU, additive focus, and universal quantification are the same operation: finite meet (∧) in Boolean algebra.

    Equations
    • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
    Instances For
      source
      def Fragments.Japanese.Coordination.ka :
      Features.Coordination.CoordEntry

      ka (か) — Disjunction particle. Bound, postpositive. Disjunction: "Taroo ka Hanako" = "Taro or Hanako". Interrogative: "Taroo ka?" = "Is it Taro?". Existential quantifier: "dare-ka" = "someone" (indeterminate + ka). Boolean dual of "mo": where "mo" marks finite meets (∧), "ka" marks finite joins (∨).

      Equations
      • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
      Instances For
        source
        def Fragments.Japanese.Coordination.allEntries :
        List Features.Coordination.CoordEntry
        Equations
        Instances For
          source
          theorem Fragments.Japanese.Coordination.all_bound :
          (allEntries.all fun (x : Features.Coordination.CoordEntry) => x.boundness == Features.Coordination.Boundness.bound) = true

          All Japanese coordination particles are bound (postpositive).

          source
          theorem Fragments.Japanese.Coordination.mu_is_additive :
          ((List.filter (fun (x : Features.Coordination.CoordEntry) => x.role == Features.Coordination.CoordRole.mu) allEntries).all fun (x : Features.Coordination.CoordEntry) => x.alsoAdditive) = true

          The MU particle "mo" also serves as an additive particle.

          source
          theorem Fragments.Japanese.Coordination.mu_is_quantifier :
          ((List.filter (fun (x : Features.Coordination.CoordEntry) => x.role == Features.Coordination.CoordRole.mu) allEntries).all fun (x : Features.Coordination.CoordEntry) => x.alsoQuantifier) = true

          The MU particle "mo" also serves as a quantifier particle.

          source
          theorem Fragments.Japanese.Coordination.disj_is_quantifier :
          ((List.filter (fun (x : Features.Coordination.CoordEntry) => x.role == Features.Coordination.CoordRole.disj) allEntries).all fun (x : Features.Coordination.CoordEntry) => x.alsoQuantifier) = true

          The disjunction particle "ka" also serves as a quantifier particle.

          Boolean Duality #

          Japanese makes the algebraic duality between ∧ and ∨ morphologically transparent:

          The Determiners fragment independently records this: dare_mo (everyone) has particle := some "mo", dare_ka (someone) has particle := some "ka". The theorems below verify that the coordination particles and the quantifier particles are the same morphemes.

          source
          theorem Fragments.Japanese.Coordination.mo_ka_quantifier_bridge :
          mo.role = Features.Coordination.CoordRole.mu ∧ ka.role = Features.Coordination.CoordRole.disj ∧ Determiners.dare_mo.particle = some "mo" ∧ Determiners.dare_ka.particle = some "ka" ∧ mo.form = "mo" ∧ ka.form = "ka"

          The coordination "mo" (MU) is the same morpheme as the universal quantifier particle "mo" in dare-mo / dono-N-mo. The coordination "ka" (disjunction) is the same morpheme as the existential quantifier particle "ka" in dare-ka / nan-nin-ka.

          source
          theorem Fragments.Japanese.Coordination.boolean_duality_in_quantifiers :
          ((List.filter (fun (x : Determiners.JapaneseQuantEntry) => x.particle == some "mo") Determiners.allQuantifiers).all fun (x : Determiners.JapaneseQuantEntry) => x.qforce == Theories.Semantics.Quantification.Lexicon.QForce.universal) = true ∧ ((List.filter (fun (x : Determiners.JapaneseQuantEntry) => x.particle == some "ka") Determiners.allQuantifiers).all fun (x : Determiners.JapaneseQuantEntry) => x.qforce == Theories.Semantics.Quantification.Lexicon.QForce.existential) = true

          "mo" marks ∧-operations (universal quantifiers), "ka" marks ∨-operations (existential quantifiers) — Boolean duality realized in the quantifier system.

          Every quantifier in the Japanese fragment built with particle "mo" is universal; every quantifier built with particle "ka" is existential. This is not a coincidence — it reflects the fact that ∧ (mo) and ∨ (ka) are the two operations of Boolean algebra.