Icelandic verbs #
The Icelandic verb as a lexical entry: the root Verb with its case array, the case of its
subject followed by the cases of its objects in their unmarked linear order. Icelandic marks
its subjects and objects in every one of its four cases. Of the sixteen case pairs a dyadic
verb might show, [Thr07]'s overview (4.48) finds five reasonably common,
nominative–accusative, nominative–dative, nominative–genitive, dative–nominative and
accusative–accusative, four rare or special, and seven unattested; of the sixty-four triples,
its table (4.62) finds six, the subject always nominative, from the more than two hundred
nominative–dative–accusative verbs down to the two nominative–accusative–accusative ones.
Verbs in -st, whether or not an active counterpart exists (opna ~ opnast, leiðast),
are entries like any other.
Main definitions #
Verb: the entry, the rootVerbwith itsVerb.CaseArray.verbs: the entries.
Main results #
subject_cases,object_cases: each of the four cases ofIcelandic.Caseis the case of some subject and of some object.subject_eq_nom_of_ditransitive: a verb with two objects has a nominative subject.
Implementation notes #
The entries record the case array and nothing of its provenance: which cases a verb assigns
lexically and which fall out of the configuration is what the accounts of Icelandic case
disagree about, and each study states its own (Studies/ZaenenMalingThrainsson1985.lean).
The order of two objects is the one the sources gloss.
References #
An Icelandic verb is the root entry with its case array, the case of its subject and the cases of its objects in linear order.
- passivizable : Bool
- perfectAuxiliaries : Finset PerfectAuxiliary
- vendlerClass : Option Aspect.VendlerClass
- scaleDimension : Option Degree.ScalarDimension
- direction : Option Spatial.Path.Direction
- incrementality : Option Aspect.Incrementality
- phasal : Option Aspect.Phasal
- factivity : Option Presupposition.Factivity
- opaqueContext : Bool
- attitude : Option _root_.Attitude
- complementSig : Option NaturalLogic.Signature
- levinClasses : Finset ArgumentStructure.LevinClass
- morphs : List Morphology.Morph
- speechActVerb : Bool
- objects : List Icelandic.Case
Instances For
Equations
- Icelandic.Verbs.instBEqVerb.beq { toVerb := a, toCaseArray := a_1 } { toVerb := b, toCaseArray := b_1 } = (a == b && a_1 == b_1)
- Icelandic.Verbs.instBEqVerb.beq x✝¹ x✝ = false
Instances For
Equations
The entry for a citation form and its case array.
Equations
- Icelandic.Verbs.Verb.ofCases form subject objects = { morphs := [Morphology.Morph.root form], subject := subject, objects := objects }
Instances For
Intransitives #
Nominative subjects #
klæðast 'dress in', the -st form of klæða, nominative–dative ([Woo15] ch. 6 (76b)).
Equations
Instances For
krefjast 'demand', the -st form of krefja, nominative–genitive ([Thr07] (4.58b)).
Equations
Instances For
Oblique subjects #
sækja 'come over', accusative–nominative, one of the rare accusative–nominative verbs ([Thr07] (4.52a)).
Equations
Instances For
iðra 'regret', accusative–genitive, one of the rare accusative–genitive verbs ([Thr07] (4.52b)).
Equations
Instances For
Ditransitives #
kosta 'cost', nominative–accusative–accusative, one of the two such verbs ([Thr07] (4.74a)).
Equations
Instances For
The verbs of the fragment.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
Instances For
The cases on the verb #
Every one of the four cases marks subjects and objects. [Thr07]'s (4.30) to (4.32) set accusative, dative and genitive subjects beside the nominative ones, and its (4.61) the nominative objects of the dative-subject verbs beside the accusative, dative and genitive objects of (4.56) to (4.58). The triadic verbs of its table (4.62) all have nominative subjects.
Each of the four cases is the case of some subject.
Each of the four cases is the case of some object.